It has been established by many authors in the medical literature, that bone fragility can be dependent on the quality of diet. Equally, the correlation between bone and energy metabolism reinforces the need for investigation of the role of nutrition in bone development and maintenance, as well as the prevention of strength reduction which can result in fragility and therefore fractures, further leading to reduced life quality and expectancy.

For many years, the spotlight of interest regarding bone health from a dietary perspective was mainly on Calcium and Vitamin D, which are undoubtedly important. However, the discovery of endocrine and nephrological links to phosphate metabolism also highlights its importance.

Other nutrients consumed via food, such as magnesium, sulfur, and selenium, if consumed in adequate amounts, can support bone health on a cell level in terms of protein synthesis and anti-oxidative modulator. Additionally, vitamins C and K also play a role in bone development and maintenance via collagen synthesis, and carboxylation properties of specific glutamic acid residues contained in the osteocalcin molecule.

The dietary inflammatory index has also been investigated from a bone health perspective, as both macronutrients and micronutrients may represent pro-inflammatory dietary factors. Especially in women, there has been evidence that lower inflammatory dietary patterns improve lower-hip BMD loss.

We are seeing various dietary alterations and interventions being suggested to support bone health, ranging from different diets to supplementation.

There is also various evidence suggesting a negative effect on bone health, such as the ketogenic diet in epileptic children however, such negative effects need to be better defined. Even though the ketogenic diet has been highly recognized in combating obesity both unlinked and linked to type 2 diabetes, there are many other factors that need to be considered, such as the length of the intervention, the level of bone health prior to the intervention, or prior bariatric surgery.

Studies on the possible interactions between different dietary patterns, gut microbiota, microRNAs, and bone health present a future goal to offer a better understanding of the therapeutic and preventative potential for the skeletal system.

Therefore, in this Research Topic, we want to gather the latest evidence on preventing metabolic bone disease via nutritional interventions, explore necessary nutritional factors playing a role in bone metabolism, as well as discover nutrition-related lifestyle factors which have a negative effect on bone health.
We will accept submissions focusing on:
• Randomized and non-randomized clinical studies
• Clinical case reports
• Systematic reviews and/or metanalysis studies
• Animal in vitro models closely related to human nutrition in relation to bone health

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Frontiers in Nutrition

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