Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among Hispanics, yet the role of biological, cultural, and socioeconomic factors in its progression remains underexplored. Notably, immune responses play a pivotal role in the development and progression of CVD, including processes like inflammation, immune cell activation, and cytokine signaling. These immune mechanisms are sex-dependent due to hormonal, genetic, and environmental influences. However, such studies often lack representation from diverse ethnic groups, including Hispanics, who face unique health disparities and cultural contexts that influence CVD outcomes.

Hispanics have distinct CVD risk profiles, including higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and limited healthcare access. Sex-specific immune responses may also interact with cultural and socioeconomic factors like traditionally assigned roles regarding sex and stress, complicating the assessment of the disease and the expected outcomes. Understanding how gender and ethnicity intersect in CVD-related immune responses is critical for addressing disparities and developing culturally tailored, effective interventions.

This research topic will examine gender differences in immune mechanisms related to CVD within Hispanic populations, focusing on inflammatory markers, immune cell profiles, and the role of sex hormones and genetic predispositions. Additionally, it will explore the influence of cultural and socioeconomic factors, such as stress, traditionally assigned roles for women/men, and healthcare disparities, on gender-specific immune outcomes. The goal is to provide actionable insights for personalized interventions that address health disparities.

Researchers are encouraged to submit studies that integrate biological, cultural, and socioeconomic perspectives on CVD and gender in Hispanics. Manuscripts may include clinical or epidemiological studies, immunological analyses of cytokines and immune cells, or socioeconomic evaluations. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews synthesizing gender-specific immune responses in CVD are particularly welcome. Submissions should emphasize culturally sensitive, gender-specific recommendations for reducing CVD burdens and improving care in Hispanic populations.

The primary goal of this research topic is to explore and elucidate sex differences in immune responses to cardiovascular disease within the Hispanic population. This includes:

1. Characterizing Immune Variations by Gender:
o Investigate differences in immune markers (e.g., inflammatory cytokines, immune cell types) between Hispanic men and women during CVD development and progression.
o Examine the influence of sex hormones and genetic predispositions specific to the Hispanic population on immune-mediated CVD mechanisms.

2. Exploring Intersectional Factors:
o Assess how cultural, environmental, and socioeconomic factors interact with gender to influence immune responses in Hispanic individuals with CVD.
o Investigate disparities in access to CVD-related healthcare and its impact on gendered immune outcomes.

3. Informing Culturally and Gender-Specific Interventions:
o Develop recommendations for gender- and culturally-tailored strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat CVD in the Hispanic population.
o Provide insights into how healthcare providers can address the unique challenges faced by Hispanic men and women with CVD.

This research topic aims to explore how gender-specific immune responses to CVD interact with the cultural, biological, and socioeconomic factors unique to the Hispanic population. The findings aim to inform gender- and culturally-tailored prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for CVD in this group.

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Frontiers in Immunology

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