Animal-derived antibody (with starting materials from animals) plays a crucial role in traditional diagnostic and therapeutic in the last four decades. It is expected that the global antibody market in diagnostic and therapeutic will experience higher demand due to the increasing prevalence of chronic and acute diseases. However, in 2020, a recommendation on non-animal-derived antibodies was published by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), which declared that because of the utility of the available alternatives, no animal should be used for the development and production of antibodies for research, regulatory, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Therefore, non-animal-derived antibody libraries (e.g. naïve and synthetic libraries) with improved affinity and specificity, natural antibody candidates (e.g. autoantibodies), other natural biomarkers (e.g. DNA and/or RNAs) and advanced biomarker analysis/selection technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence) are required for more effective diagnosis and targeted therapeutic.

Due to the trends of animal-free research and recommendation of non-animal-derived antibodies (e.g. autoantibodies), non-animal-derived antibody libraries (e.g. naïve and synthetic libraries) with improved affinity/specificity, natural antibody candidates and antibody substitutes (e.g. circulating DNA, messager RNA and non-coding RNA) are urgently required to meet further and novel needs in diagnosis and therapeutic.

Thanks to the speeding development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially in the last decade, antibody/DNA/RNA design, selection, engineering and application are greatly optimized based on the knowledge of natural antibody/DNA/RNA structures and functions/interactions and the general law in this world: the math, physics, chemistry, etc.

It is with great hope, that the AI technology will make the antibody/DNA/RNA selection easier and faster, which may decrease the cost of diagnosis and/or therapeutic-related non-animal-derived antibodies, antibody libraries with higher affinity and specificity, and novel DNA/RNA biomarkers.

We welcome the submission of Original Research, Review, Mini Review, and Perspective articles on themes including, but not limited to:

• Naïve and synthetic libraries

• Autoantibody

• DNA biomarker

• RNA biomarker

• Diagnosis

• Targeted therapeutic

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Frontiers in Immunology

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