Over recent decades, monoclonal antibodies have significantly advanced the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases, fundamentally transforming biomedical research and therapy. Nanobodies, emerging from camelid-derived heavy-chain-only antibodies, epitomize a groundbreaking shift in this arena. Their unique structure—small, stable, and capable of deep tissue penetration—makes them exceptionally well-suited for targeting hard-to-reach antigens. Through their innovative application in both diagnosis and treatment, particularly within the novel realm of cellular immunotherapy for cancer, nanobodies have emerged as essential tools in the medical arsenal.

This Research Topic aims to comprehensively explore nanobody applications, focusing on their potential in targeted cancer treatments and immune diagnostics, and extending to their evolving roles in combating viral infections. Attention is especially directed towards cutting-edge nanobody technologies like their incorporation into CAR-T cell therapies, which improve their specificity and functionality against various pathological targets. Key aspects include designing bispecific nanbody CARs to augment antitumor efficacy and developing strategies to counteract antigen escape, a notable obstacle in prevailing therapeutic methods.

To deepen the understanding of nanobody's potential and effectiveness, contributions to this topic will include:

- The development and refinement of nanobody-based CAR-T cells.

- Outcomes of nanobody applications in treatment of both hematologic cancers and solid tumors.

- Studies on the mechanisms of antigen recognition and binding by nanobodies.

- Comparative evaluations of nanobodies and conventional antibodies in clinical applications.

- Future prospects for nanobody research aimed at broader biomedical uses These themes are expected to expand practical knowledge and foster innovation, thereby promoting more effective and reduced side-effect treatments in both cancer and viral therapy contexts.

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Frontiers in Immunology

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