Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes and its complications, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, genetic disorders, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, pose a significant health threat in both developed and developing countries. Under metabolic stress conditions, various stimuli such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and metabolism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) can trigger inflammatory responses by activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recent discoveries have highlighted the roles of innate receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs), scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) receptors, and DNA sensors in metabolic diseases. These PRRs have been implicated in the pathophysiological processes and complications associated with metabolic syndrome. Their interactions also influence the progression of metabolic diseases. Thus, developing therapeutic strategies targeting PRRs may be a crucial approach to prevent the onset of further complications in humans.

The pathophysiology of metabolic diseases is complex but closely linked to sterile inflammation, which is initiated and detected by PRRs. Understanding the roles of PRRs is essential for developing therapies to modulate immune responses in various diseases. This research topic explores the latest advances in understanding the contribution of PRRs to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses after recognizing PAMPs, DAMPs, and MAMPs, with a focus on the potential for PRR-oriented therapeutic interventions in metabolic disease.

This Research Topic accepts Original Research, Methods, Reviews, Mini-Reviews, Hypotheses & Theories, Clinical Trials, Perspectives, Case Reports, Brief Research Reports, General Commentaries, and Opinion articles. We welcome manuscripts focusing on, but not limited to, the following sub-topics:

1) The role of PRRs in metabolic diseases.
2) Defining and validating PRRs that are associated with impaired health or performance.
3) Mechanisms by which the PRR family of proteins regulates stress, immunity, and inflammation.
4) The importance of mutations and/or SNPs in PRR-induced inflammation.
5) Identifying the PRR pathways linked to stress, immunity, and inflammation in metabolic diseases.
6) The interaction of multiple PRRs in metabolic diseases.
7) PRR pathways interacting with other pathways that regulate stress, immunity, and inflammation.
8) Exploring potential treatment strategies targeting PRRs that regulate stress, immunity, and inflammation.

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Frontiers in Immunology

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