The field of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to combat cancer cells. Despite these advancements, a significant challenge remains in identifying reliable biomarkers to stratify patients and predict therapy outcomes effectively. Imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are pivotal in elucidating the immune response within tumors and assessing the efficacy of immunotherapies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of these imaging modalities to provide insights into the tumor immune microenvironment and the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the immune system. However, there is a pressing need for a comprehensive understanding of how these imaging techniques can be optimized and integrated into clinical practice to enhance the precision of immunotherapy. Current research is actively exploring these areas, yet gaps remain in translating these findings into standardized clinical protocols and identifying novel imaging biomarkers that can predict patient response to immunotherapy.

This research topic aims to explore the intersection of imaging and immunotherapy, providing a comprehensive guide on current technologies, methodologies, clinical applications, and future directions. The primary objective is to address the critical gap in knowledge regarding the use of imaging in cancer immunotherapy, offering insights that can inspire new research and clinical practices. By focusing on the latest advances and challenges, this research topic seeks to contribute to the ongoing fight against cancer by improving patient outcomes and advancing cancer treatment.

To gather further insights in the integration of imaging techniques with immunotherapy, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:
- Imaging Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME)
- Imaging Biomarkers for Immune Response
- Advanced Imaging Technologies
- Imaging in Clinical Trials
- Challenges and Ethical Considerations

Please note that manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases, which are not accompanied by validation (independent cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo), are out of scope for this section and will not be accepted as part of this Research Topic.

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Frontiers in Oncology

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