The study of immune responses in fish is a rapidly evolving field, driven by the need to understand how these aquatic organisms defend themselves against the myriad of microbial threats present in their environment. Fish are constantly exposed to a diverse array of bacteria and viruses, necessitating a robust and adaptable immune system. The immune system in fish, much like in other vertebrates, is composed of both innate and adaptive components. Innate immunity involves cells such as monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, and natural killer cells, which provide the first line of defense. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is mediated by B and T cells, which offer a more specific and long-lasting response. Despite significant advances in our understanding of fish immunology, there remain substantial gaps, particularly in the functional roles and interactions of different immune cells. Recent studies have begun to shed light on these interactions, yet a comprehensive understanding of how these cells work together to combat infections is still lacking. This necessitates further research to elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying immune responses in fish.

This research topic aims to delve into the functional roles of immune cells in fish, particularly in the context of bacterial and viral infections. The primary objective is to explore how these immune cells identify and interact with pathogens, the signaling pathways involved, and how they regulate each other to mount an effective immune response. By addressing these questions, the research seeks to enhance our understanding of fish immunology and contribute to the development of strategies to improve fish health and disease resistance.

To gather further insights into the functional roles of immune cells in fish, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

- Identification of diversity in immune cell populations
- Role of immune cells in mucosal immunity
- Mutual regulation among immune cells
- Signaling pathways of pathogen recognition receptors
- Similarities and differences in the mechanisms of immune cell action

Contributions could be in the form of original research, review articles, and short reports, providing a comprehensive overview of recent progress in this field.

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Frontiers in Immunology

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