Dysparathyroidism, encompassing both hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, significantly affects calcium and phosphate regulation, leading to a variety of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. Hyperparathyroidism results from excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), commonly due to adenomas, hyperplasia, or carcinoma, causing increased bone resorption and subsequent bone pain, deformities, and fractures. Secondary hyperparathyroidism, often seen in chronic kidney disease, further complicates bone health.

Hypoparathyroidism, characterized by inadequate PTH production, leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, resulting in muscle stiffness, spasms, and increased bone density coupled with a higher fracture risk. Advanced imaging techniques like CT scans, MRIs, SPECT/CT, or PET/CT are crucial for detecting and assessing these bone and joint abnormalities. Understanding the pathophysiology and imaging findings associated with dysparathyroidism is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of the resultant MSK disorders.

The goal of this research topic is to provide a comprehensive examination of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders associated with dysparathyroidism, including hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. It aims to enhance understanding among medical professionals and students by deepening insights into the pathophysiology leading to bone and joint abnormalities in these conditions. It emphasizes the crucial role of imaging techniques in accurately diagnosing these disorders.

Detailed case studies are included to illustrate typical clinical scenarios and imaging findings, aiding in the recognition and diagnosis of MSK disorders related to dysparathyroidism. Furthermore, it discusses current and emerging treatment strategies, offering practical guidelines for managing and following up with patients. By identifying gaps in current knowledge and promoting further research, the collection encourages academic and clinical studies to advance understanding and treatment.

Ultimately, this topic aims to improve patient care through enhanced diagnostic accuracy, informed treatment choices, and continuous medical education, contributing to a better quality of life for patients with dysparathyroidism-related MSK disorders.

Hyperparathyroidism:
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Fractures; Chondrocalcinosis
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Renal Osteodystrophy
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: Advanced Bone Disease
Hypoparathyroidism: Calcification of Soft Tissue; Osteosclerosis; Dental Abnormalities; Arthritis
Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, Ultrason, MRI, SPECT/CT, PET/CT

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Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine

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