Since its potential energy density is significantly higher than that of conventional lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries have recently attracted a lot of attention. For next-generation energy storage systems in uses like grid storage and electric vehicles, this makes them a viable option. The goal of recent developments in lithium-sulfur battery (Li–S battery) technology has been to increase the batteries' stability and performance. The development of novel sulfur cathode materials with improved conductivity and cycling stability, the use of advanced electrolytes to prevent the production of lithium polysulfides, and the development of innovative battery topologies to boost overall performance are a few notable developments. However, despite these advancements, lithium-sulfur batteries still face several challenges that need to be addressed before they can be widely commercialized.

One of the main challenges is the poor cycling stability of Li–S batteries, which leads to a rapid capacity fade over multiple charge-discharge cycles. This is primarily due to the dissolution of lithium polysulfides in the electrolyte, which causes the loss of active sulfur material and leads to a decrease in battery performance. Another challenge is the low electrical conductivity of sulfur, which limits the rate capability of lithium-sulfur batteries. This results in poor power performance, making them less suitable for high-power applications such as electric vehicles. Efforts are being made to improve the conductivity of sulfur-based cathode materials through the development of new nanostructured materials and composites. Hence, this Research Topic focuses on recent innovative lithium-sulfur batteries, current challenges, potential performance improvements, stability, and safety for electric vehicle (EV) and smart grid applications.

This Research Topic calls for high-quality Original Research, Review, Mini Review, and Perspective articles on themes including, but not limited to:

• Electrolyte Development and Optimization

• Cathode Materials Development

• Anode Materials Innovation

• Battery Architecture Design

• Performance lifetime and degradation

• All-solid-state Li-S batteries.

• Safety and Environmental Considerations

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Frontiers in Chemical Engineering

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