Haemophilus species (H.influenzae and H.parainfluenzae) are Gram-negative bacteria that commonly inhabit the human upper respiratory and urogenital tracks. The pathogenicity of Haemophilus spp. is a subject of ongoing debate. While some strains are harmless commensals, others produce acute and chronic infections in children and adults. Both species have the potential to cause severe invasive infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, as well as localized infections such as otitis media and conjunctivitis. In addition, recent findings have linked H. parainfluenzae to sexually transmitted infections, particularly urethritis.

Various factors contribute to the pathogenicity of Haemophilus spp., including their ability to adhere to host cells, evade the immune system, and acquire resistance to multiple antibiotics. Their innate ability for natural genetic transformation enables rapid adaptation and evolutionary changes, potentially increasing their virulence and resistance. Consequently, current research uses Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), among other techniques, to unravel the complex host-pathogen interactions. An in-depth understanding of the pathogenic potential of Haemophilus spp. in the clinical setting is crucial for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infections caused by these highly adaptable bacteria.

This Research Topic aims to provide valuable insights into the pathogenic potential of Haemophilus spp., particularly focusing on their involvement in invasive and sexually transmitted infections. The objectives of the topic are structured based on the following points:

1. Investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of Haemophilus spp. in various infection contexts, shedding light on their impact on public health.
2. Elucidate the key virulence factors and genomic determinants that contribute to the pathogenicity of these species, aiming to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying their virulence.
3. Analyse the role of H. parainfluenzae in sexually transmitted infections, exploring its transmission dynamics, pathogenesis, and antibiotic resistance.
4. Evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Haemophilus spp. and explore potential treatment strategies, guided by a comprehensive understanding of their genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns.
5. Enhance understanding of the complex host-pathogen interactions in Haemophilus spp. infections by leveraging recent advances in genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and molecular biology techniques.

The research topic aims to create a comprehensive collection of impactful and high-quality studies that explore various aspects of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae infections, focusing on both clinical significance and pathogenic potential.

Contributors are encouraged to address the following themes:

1. Epidemiology, prevalence, and Public Health impact.
2. Pathogenicity and Infections.
3. Genetic adaptation and antimicrobial resistance.
4. Prevention strategies and future research approaches.

We welcome submissions of original research articles, reviews and mini-reviews that align with the outlined scope. Manuscripts should provide novel insights, clinical relevance, and contribute to expand the current knowledge on Haemophilus infections and their clinical management.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

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