Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is an exaggerated immune response triggered by multiple factors (infection, surgery, malignancy, medication adverse events, etc.) caused by a dysregulated cytokine storm. This can lead to a massive inflammatory cascade causing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Management of these patients include treatment for the underlying etiology and prevent end-organ injury, which often requires admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to ensure the best supportive treatment.

Assessment and management of other causes of SIRS such as new immune treatments or reumathology, among others, are not completely understood. The role of biomarkers in this context may be helpful for an early identification of patients at high risk for severe SIRS and ICU admission.

The goal of this Research Topic collection is to define new causes of SIRS, its physiology, the usefulness of biomarkers in these patients, and new treatment approaches. In view of these needs, we are soliciting original research and review articles that focus on (but are not limited to) the following areas:

- SIRS and physiopathology depending on the etiology.

- Identification of molecular and cellular biomarkers that can predict the onset, progression, and resolution of SIRS.

- Biomarker-guided clinical strategies for personalized management of SIRS patients.

- New treatments of SIRS including development and evaluation of novel immunotherapies that specifically target immune pathways involved in SIRS.

- Exploration of existing immunomodulatory therapies and their potential repurposing for SIRS treatment.

- Studies on the role and behavior of various immune cells (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells) in the development and progression of SIRS.

- Exploration of how immune cell recruitment and function are altered during SIRS.

- Analysis of the signaling pathways activated by these inflammatory mediators and their role in the pathophysiology of SIRS.

- Investigations into the role of immune checkpoints and regulatory mechanisms in modulating the immune response during SIRS.

- Potential therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways to restore immune balance.

The Research Topic Editors confirm that they have now conflicts of interest to declare with regards to their editorship of this collection.

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Frontiers in Immunology

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