Building on the success of Thrombocytopenia (ITP) - Diagnosis and Treatment, we are pleased to relaunch Volume II of this Research Topic.

Diagnostic and therapeutic advances in hematological diseases have undergone a real revolution in recent years. In the field of oncohematology numerous treatments have been approved, and most of them have generated acquired immunosuppression along with other severe adverse effects. Infectious complications secondary to this acquired immunosuppression continue to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in this type of patients. So their accurate prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are essential pillars for the successful treatment of hematological diseases.

Similarly, treatment of non-oncohematological diseases, such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA), or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), sometimes requires applying immunosuppressive therapies that lead to infectious complications in a considerable number of patients. Finally, some diseases, such as congenital qualitative or quantitative alterations of the white blood cell, marrow failure, or other less frequent hemopathies, affect the risk of potentially severe infectious complications.

The goal of this Research Topic is to increase knowledge in the proper management of infectious diseases in hematological patients in accordance with current scientific evidence, issuing some practical recommendations that allow health professionals who care for these patients to improve their clinical practice skills. Likewise, this Research Topic aims to condense the new prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in infectious diseases and the hematological patient. This collection of articles shall also present recent advances in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases in non-neoplastic hematological diseases and strategies to minimize the risk of infection according to the therapy applied in each case.

The following themes may be included:

- Epidemiology of infectious diseases in the hematological patient

- Diagnostic methods of infections in hematology

- General criteria for managing infections in the context of the hematological patient

- Erythropathology and infectious diseases

- Diseases of the myeloid system and infections

- Diseases of the lymphoid system and infections

- Marrow failure and infections

- Immune diseases of hemostasis and hemotherapy and infections

- Transmission, prevention, and treatment of infections associated with transfusion of blood components.

- Diagnosis and management of infections in the context of hematopoietic transplantation and cell therapy

- Management of infections associated with new therapies in hematology (CAR-T, immune checkpoint...)

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