Acute viral respiratory infections constitute the leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years old, and there is a pronounced lack of targeted pharmaceutical interventions. In recent years, the emergence and recurrence of respiratory infection pathogens such as novel coronavirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus have constituted a significant threat to the pediatric demographic. The immune system, alveoli, distal blood vessels, and nervous system in the lungs of newborns and preschool children are not fully developed and exhibit unique immune characteristics and regulatory mechanisms in the lung region that distinguish them from adults. To date, although the body of evidence documenting the clinical manifestations of respiratory viral infectious diseases in children has grown, the pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, immune mechanisms, and long-term consequences remain largely undefined. Investigating these scientific questions could not only illuminate the root causes of disease differences during potential future viral pandemics, but also provide new strategies for urgent clinical problems that need to be addressed in severe pneumonia prevention and treatment, providing targeted intervention plans, along with preventative and therapeutic vaccine development.

This Research Topic envisages a focus on severe respiratory viral infections caused by viruses in children, encompassing both clinical and mechanistic studies. The concept of severe viral pneumonia will be pursued, and scientific contributions on the importance of microbial and host interactions, pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, immune mechanisms, and long-term consequences are all welcome.

Topics include but are not limited to:
• Viral infection, especially adenovirus
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Microbial and host interactions
• Diagnostic markers
• Therapeutic targets
• Immune mechanisms
• Long -term consequences

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Frontiers in Pediatrics

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