Orthopedic infections are common complications following surgery or trauma to bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other related tissues. The immune system plays a crucial role in the complex response to these infections. The innate immune system, composed of cells like neutrophils and macrophages, initially recognizes and eliminates pathogens, releasing inflammatory cytokines to activate the adaptive immune response. T-cells and B-cells then participate in the immune response, further clearing the pathogens through cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity. However, in some cases, an excessive immune response can lead to tissue damage and chronic inflammation.
In recent years, a variety of biomarkers have been identified that are associated with orthopedic infections. Biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are significantly elevated in the early stages of infection, thereby assisting in early diagnosis. Additionally, specific immune cell surface markers like CD64 and HLA-DR can be used to assess the severity of infection and predict prognosis. Prevention strategies for orthopedic infections include pre-operative risk assessment, strict intraoperative aseptic techniques, post-operative antibiotics, and measures to enhance patient immunity. Implementing these strategies comprehensively can significantly reduce the risk of orthopedic infections and improve patient outcomes. Thus, a further understanding of the immune mechanisms, biomarkers, and prevention strategies in orthopedic infections is crucial for guiding clinical management and reducing infection risk.

By studying the role and interaction pathways of immune cells in orthopedic infections, we aim to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatments. At the same time, by studying biomarkers, we can find indicators that can sensitively reflect the progress and prognosis of infection, which is helpful for early diagnosis and timely adjustment of treatments. In addition, research on preventive measures could provide practical guidance for reducing the incidence of orthopedic infections and improving the quality of life of patients. Through this Research Topic, it is expected to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of orthopedic infections.

We welcome submissions of Original Research, Review, Mini Review, as well as Hypothesis and Theory, focusing on the following aspects:
(1) Investigation into immune alterations associated with orthopedic infections.
(2) Identification of risk factors contributing to the occurrence of orthopedic infections.
(3) Exploration of the mechanisms behind immune responses in orthopedic infections.
(4) Development of prevention strategies to reduce the infection risk in orthopedic patients.
(5) Identification of immune-related molecular signatures associated with orthopedic diseases and infections.
(6) Discovery of genetic variations and expression profiles of immune-related genes among patients suffering from orthopedic disease, with or without infections.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

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