Autoimmune diseases are caused by complicated interactions between several types of immune cells, such as T and B lymphocytes and professional antigen-presenting cells. Although the cause of most autoimmune diseases is unknown, recent research has shown that cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in autoimmunity by orchestrating the recruitment, survival, growth, effector functions, and contraction of autoreactive lymphocytes. Over the last decade, treatment with biological agents targeting cytokine receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, or individual cytokines has led to better patient care and improved the symptoms of an expanding range of chronic inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, because it is currently impossible to undertake genetic research on all individuals with autoimmune diseases, cytokine testing can be viewed as a simple, time-saving, and cost-effective alternative.

Focusing on cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response, will enhance our understanding of how the many immune cell types implicated in autoimmunity communicate together, induce autoimmune inflammation, and cause tissue damage. Targeting cytokines has become an important strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Biological drugs, such as monocular antibodies and soluble receptors, have been developed to block the activity of specific Pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Knowing the cytokine secretome of immune cells in patients could help target an efficient treatment, better understand the pathogenesis of the autoinflammatory part of autoimmune diseases, and may also help clarify the diagnosis of each patient, especially if this information associates immunological biomarkers with genetic and epigenetic analyses.

This research area aims to better understand the involvement of various cytokines and chemokines in autoimmune diseases.

Furthermore, we want to investigate the potential for creating cytokine-based approaches to treating autoimmune disorders. Indeed, clinical experiments targeting individual cytokines will uncover the cytokines' distinct involvement in autoimmune disorders. The scope for this topic includes:

1. Cytokine-mediated immune regulation in autoimmune diseases:
2. Cytokine signaling in specific autoimmune diseases:
3. Cytokine-based diagnostics and therapeutics:
4. Emerging cytokine families and their implications for autoimmune diseases:
5. Cytokine-mediated regulation of immune cell function:
6. Cytokine-induced tissue damage and repair:
7. Cytokine-based strategies for immune tolerance induction:

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Frontiers in Immunology

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