Chronic infection by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes an immune dysregulation that may culminate in malignant, inflammatory, and infectious disorders in different organs.

HTLV-1 is a deltaretrovirus endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Australo-Melanesia, and foci in the Middle East. HTLV-1 infects CD4+ T-cells, and it is associated with the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, infective dermatitis, and disseminated strongyloidiasis. With increasing migration, HTLV-1-associated diseases have been reported in non-endemic countries.

EBV is a herpesvirus that infects B-cells and, occasionally, T or NK-cells. It has a worldwide distribution and is associated with lymphoproliferative diseases (Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases), nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hydroa vacciniforme, chronic active EBV disease, and many other conditions. Some of these disorders are reported especially in Asian and Latin-American populations, suggesting a genetic susceptibility to these diseases.

This Research Topic aims to explore the diverse manifestations of HTLV-1 and EBV-associated disorders focusing on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments. This topic will enlighten the mechanisms of interaction between HTLV-1 and EBV with the host immune system, the clinical features observed in infected patients, and will give an overview of the up-to-date treatments available and under development for these disorders.

Type of manuscript: original research or review articles
Topics may include but are not limited to:
- Epidemiology of HTLV-1 and EBV-associated disorders
- Pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/Tropical
spastic paraparesis, and infective dermatitis
- Clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognostic characteristics of ATLL
- Cost-effectiveness of HTLV-1 prevention in endemic countries

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