In recent years, ecophysiological research has focused on understanding the factors underlying variations in prooxidant/antioxidant balance and modulation of redox status, which may be the cause of many pathophysiological conditions in fish. Reactive oxygen species are known to be an important factor in oxidative cell damage through oxidation and the subsequent functional impairment of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and DNA. Although the term oxidative stress is used as a general concept that includes all types of oxidative damage, there may be different subcategories of oxidative stress depending on which macromolecular component is damaged.

The aim of this special issue is to provide a general overview of the physiology of oxidative stress, redox signaling and the adaptations that fish have evolved to cope with oxidative stress, the environmental stressors that can induce changes in oxidative balance, the role of reactive species in transduction of environmental stimuli and cell signaling, and hormesis in response to oxidative stress.

The application of a broad spectrum of oxidative stress biomarkers may be a valuable tool to rapidly assess population dynamics under the pressure of environmental fluctuations, especially under the growing anthropogenic impact.

This research topic aims to present original, state-of-the-art research articles on a wide range of aspects of redox physiology in freshwater and marine fish species, including field and laboratory studies:

-The physiology of oxidative stress and adaptations
-Possible causes of oxidative stress
-Chemical defense mechanisms
-Structural defense mechanisms
-Reactive species and cell signaling
-Immune response to oxidative stress
-Redox balance in response to environmental stress conditions
-Effects of environmental pollution on the redox balance
-Hormonal changes in oxidative stress
-Influence of growth and development on redox status
-Toxicity tests in fish

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