Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error in many countries and is considered a worldwide public health issue of the XXI century. It is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors causes myopia. The prevalence of myopia varies by country, age, and ethnic group. Some estimates indicate that myopia will affect 50% of the world's population by 2050. The increase in the presence of myopia worldwide will likely be even more significant after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Although myopia is often seen as a simple refractive error, it can lead to serious vision problems. This condition is linked to eye diseases such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, cataracts, and myopic macular degeneration, making it a common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Its impact on the education, quality of life, and economy of an individual who suffers from it cannot be ignored.

Uncorrected or poorly corrected myopia can affect school performance and cause psychosocial stress in children, adolescents, and young people. Regarding the economic impact associated with myopia, it would be necessary to consider the costs of diagnosis, management, follow-up, treatment of related complications, and loss of productivity secondary. It is important to note that myopia can progress, that is, increase, particularly during childhood and adolescence.

Myopia's management includes optical correction through glasses or contact lenses, pharmacological treatment, and lifestyle suggestions. However, management guidelines continue to be modified and optimized.

Vision plays a fundamental role in every facet and stage of life in a global society built on the ability to see; thus, discussing alterations that compromise it is essential.

Myopia increases irreversible visual impairment in populations with a high life expectancy. Hence, childhood and adolescence represent a window of opportunity for proper management and control of the progression of this condition.

This Research Topic will provide a platform for researchers and clinicians to share their knowledge and the latest advancements of Myopia to later serve as a valuable educational resource for the clinical community.

This Research Topic welcomes articles focusing on, but not limited to:

• Etiology
• Genetics
• Diagnosis
• Clinical features
• Optical treatment
• Pharmacological treatment
• Molecular markers
• Case Series
• Clinical trials

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Frontiers in Ophthalmology

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