This collection is a Volume II following on from the Topic Editors' previously successful Research Topic, Public Health Challenges in Post-Soviet Countries During and Beyond COVID-19. Post-Soviet countries have faced unique public health challenges since the dissolution of the USSR, as they transitioned from a centralized healthcare system to more decentralized models. These nations have worked to strengthen primary healthcare, improve access to medical services, and modernize hospital infrastructure. Despite these efforts, the COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant weaknesses in their healthcare systems, highlighting issues such as inadequate resource allocation, insufficient healthcare infrastructure, and gaps in disease control strategies. Recent studies have shown that while some progress has been made in addressing these challenges, many post-Soviet countries continue to struggle with the dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The pandemic has further complicated these issues, necessitating reevaluating existing health policies and strategies. There is a pressing need for comprehensive research to better understand the ongoing public health challenges in these regions and to develop effective solutions that can be implemented both during and beyond the COVID-19 era.

This research topic aims to explore the multifaceted public health challenges faced by post-Soviet countries during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective is to provide a platform for the publication of diverse studies that examine the transformation of healthcare systems in these countries, the impact of the pandemic, and the strategies needed to address these challenges. Key questions include: How have healthcare systems in post-Soviet countries evolved since the pandemic? What are the most pressing public health issues currently facing these nations? How can capacity-building initiatives be leveraged to improve healthcare outcomes?

To gather further insights into the public health challenges in post-Soviet countries, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:
- The burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases;
- Availability of and accessibility to healthcare resources in general and during the COVID-19 outbreak;
- Health expenditure and related health outcomes;
- Forecasting public health scenarios for planning and provision of health services;
- Allocation and management of healthcare resources for achieving the Sustainable Development,

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Frontiers in Public Health

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