Given the success of Research Topic Antimicrobial Resistance and Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
and the rapidly evolving subject area, we are pleased to announce the launch of Volume II.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States has deemed extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacterales and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as serious threats and carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacterales (CRE) and CR Acinetobacter as urgent threats. Due to the prevalent drug resistance of these strains and lack of antimicrobial alternatives, the treatment of infections caused by these MDR Gram-negative pathogens rely on tigecycline, polymyxins (colistin and polymyxin B) or new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (such as ceftazidime-avibactam, CAZ/AVI). However, the critically ill patients with antimicrobial infection are associated with high mortality. Hence, the prevalence and optimal therapy for critically ill patients with antimicrobial resistance are worth further study.

In the critical care unit, the dilemma of antimicrobial resistance is complicated by very ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and versatile supporting device such as arterial/venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. To get more insight into the current status of antimicrobial resistance and therapy strategy in critical care, more relevant studies are highly warranted.

In this Research Topic, we aim to provide an overview of current epidemiology of MDR bacterial infection in ICUs worldwide and the optimal treatment for critically ill patients with MDR bacterial infection according to the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and patients’ organ dysfunction status.

We welcome Original Research, Reviews, and Mini-reviews covering, but not limited to the following subjects:
• Molecular epidemiology of MDR bacterial infections in the intensive care unit.
• Novel mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance associated with severe infections.
• Dose adjustment and monitoring for antimicrobial agents in critically ill patients therapy.
• Optimal treatment for critically ill patients with MDR bacterial infection and the effect on outcome.

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