Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have paved the way for ground-breaking applications in the field of neuroscience, particularly in the realm of neural signal processing and neurotechnology. Neural signals, such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticogram (ECoG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and single-unit recordings, provide valuable insights into the functioning of the brain, enabling researchers and clinicians to better understand brain activity and pathologies.

AI techniques, including machine learning, deep learning, and data analytics, have revolutionized neural signal processing by enhancing the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of data analysis. These advancements allow for the extraction of meaningful information from complex and noisy neural signals, leading to improved diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

The integration of AI with neurotechnology has also opened new doors for the development of assistive technologies, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), neuromodulation techniques, and neuroprosthetics. AI algorithms can enhance the performance and adaptability of these devices, enabling precise control, interpretation, and translation of neural signals into actionable commands or feedback.

This Topic is of utmost importance as it addresses the forefront of AI and neurotechnology integration, aiming to catalyse advancements in understanding and leveraging neural signals. By bringing together researchers, engineers, and practitioners, we intend to foster collaboration and discussions that will propel the field forward. The exploration of EEG, ECoG, MEG, fMRI, single-unit recordings methods within the context of AI advancements is pivotal for unravelling the full potential of these technologies, ultimately leading to transformative breakthroughs in neuroscience and neuroengineering. This Topic focuses on the following key areas:

• The integration of Artificial Intelligence into Neural Signal Processing has witnessed remarkable advancements, offering unprecedented opportunities for the field of Brain-Computer Interfaces.

• Explore novel approaches and algorithms for the application of AI in the processing and analysis of mentioned approaches (especially ECoG and MEG data).

• Investigate methods for real-time signal processing and feature extraction, enabling rapid and efficient interpretation of neural activity.

• Machine Learning Algorithms for Signal Decoding: Exploring state-of-the-art machine learning techniques for decoding complex neural signals, with a focus on improving accuracy and real-time processing.

• Examine the role of AI in identifying neurophysiological biomarkers from mentioned approaches (especially ECoG and MEG) for diagnostic purposes.

• Explore machine learning models for the classification and prediction of neurological disorders based on neural signal patterns.

• Adaptive BCI Systems: Investigating the development of adaptive BCIs that leverage AI to tailor interfaces to individual users, enhancing usability and performance over time.

• AI-Driven Neurofeedback: Investigate the use of AI algorithms in the development of adaptive neurofeedback systems.

• Neurotechnology Applications: Highlighting AI-driven innovations in neurotechnology applications, such as prosthetics, rehabilitation, and assistive devices, with a focus on improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

• Explore AI-based strategies for personalizing treatment plans based on individual neural profiles.

• Explore methods for enhancing the interpretability and transparency of AI models to ensure their responsible and ethical use in clinical and research settings.

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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

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