With the recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors approved by the FDA, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for various types of solid tumors. While the concept of immunotherapy dates back over a century to the use of bacteria injections, it was the utilization of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by Steven Rosenberg's team in 1974 that marked a significant milestone in modern immunotherapy. Furthermore, the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for cancers resistant to conventional treatments has been revolutionary. However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy varies among patients, highlighting the importance of biomarkers in predicting treatment response.

This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in immunotherapy, focusing on four main areas. However, if the research work is related to new molecules that can be targeted to cancer tumor cells that are directly or indirectly related to immunotherapy or can be used in combination therapy, those topics should also be considered. In addition to this, new topics, such as e-cigarettes and their relevance in different types of cancer and immunotherapy, can be included.

1. Biomarkers for Immunotherapeutic Agents:
o Investigating the role of specific biomarkers in determining patient response to immunotherapy.
o Evaluating the potential of emerging biomarkers for personalized treatment approaches.
o Exploring the influence of tumor microenvironment on immunotherapy outcomes.
Exploring the effect of E-Cigarettes (vapes) on the development of cancer

2. Targeted Strategies in Immunotherapy:
o Novel approaches to stimulate and enhance the antitumor immune response.
o Combining small molecule or peptide therapeutics with different immunotherapeutic agents for synergistic effects.
o Advancements in oncolytic viruses and their specificity for targeting cancer cells.

3. Immunotherapy in Pediatric Solid Tumors:
o Assessing the impact of immunotherapy on survival rates for metastatic or recurrent pediatric solid tumors.
o Identifying unique challenges and opportunities in immunotherapy for pediatric patients.
o Exploring the development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies tailored for pediatric cancers.

4. Novel Delivery Systems for Immunotherapy:
o Advances in liposomes and nanoparticles as delivery platforms for immunotherapeutic agents.
o Strategies to minimize off-target effects while maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
o Overcoming challenges in drug delivery to tumor sites and improving drug bioavailability.

This Research Topic will provide an up-to-date resource for medical professionals, biomedical researchers, and pharmaceutical scientists seeking to stay abreast of the rapidly evolving field of immunotherapy. By addressing the role of biomarkers, targeted strategies, and novel delivery systems, we aim to enhance our understanding and utilization of immunotherapy, ultimately improving treatment outcomes and patient care.

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Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

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