About this Research Topic
The safety and efficacy of many drugs are often influenced by inter-patient and inter-individual variability in the major pharmacokinetic (PK) processes of absorption, distribution, biotransformation/metabolism, and elimination (ADME). These ADME processes involve the actions of multiple enzymes and transport proteins, many of which are expressed in the lungs, liver, intestines, and kidneys.
The processes of drug metabolism and subsequent elimination from the body are highly dependent on the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes or DMEs. These DMEs have historically been subdivided into Phase I enzymes, which catalyze oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis reactions, and Phase II enzymes, which catalyze conjugation reactions.
Many DMEs are genetically polymorphic in humans, a property contributing to the stated interindividual variability in PK for many drugs. There has been ongoing research on genetic variability and clinical utility of Phase I enzymes, majorly the Cytochrome P45o enzyme superfamily, whose enzymes contribute to the metabolism of approximately seventy percent of prescription drugs. Many Phase II enzymes also play key roles in the metabolism of many clinically important drugs, and genetic differences affecting metabolism could lead to differential effects on drug response.
The clinical utility of pharmacogenomics of many drugs impacted by Phase I and Phase II enzymes is supported by evidence-based Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines.
In this Research Topic, we will cover new and thoroughly reviewed developments in the field of Phase I and Phase II pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics, ranging from basic research to translational studies. We welcome reviews, meta-analyses, opinions, and perspectives from all areas of the globe related to any one or more of the following themes:
(a) pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic mechanisms of newly approved medications metabolized by Phase I and Phase II enzymes
(b) genetic/genomic markers of medication response and/or adverse events in clinical and community-based settings
(c) epigenetics and gene-environment markers of medication response and/or adverse events for drugs metabolized by Phase I/II enzymes
(d) role of artificial intelligence in precision medicine for drugs metabolized by Phase I/II enzymes, especially in driving innovative combinatorial pharmacogenomics outcomes
Please note that:
- If patient data are analyzed, a comprehensive description of the patients, including sex, age, diagnostic criteria, inclusion and exclusion criteria, disease stage, therapy received, comorbidities, as well as additional clinical information and assessment of clinical response/effects, should be included.
- If genetic, proteomics, metabolomics, or other omics data are analyzed, a comprehensive description of the methods and the rationale for selecting the specific data studied should be provided.
- Studies related to natural compounds, herbal extracts, or traditional medicine products will not be included in this Research Topic.
- Studies solely based on the analysis of public databases or published evidence, with no further experimental insights or experimental validation, will not be included in this Research Topic.
The processes of drug metabolism and subsequent elimination from the body are highly dependent on the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes or DMEs. These DMEs have historically been subdivided into Phase I enzymes, which catalyze oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis reactions, and Phase II enzymes, which catalyze conjugation reactions.
Many DMEs are genetically polymorphic in humans, a property contributing to the stated interindividual variability in PK for many drugs. There has been ongoing research on genetic variability and clinical utility of Phase I enzymes, majorly the Cytochrome P45o enzyme superfamily, whose enzymes contribute to the metabolism of approximately seventy percent of prescription drugs. Many Phase II enzymes also play key roles in the metabolism of many clinically important drugs, and genetic differences affecting metabolism could lead to differential effects on drug response.
The clinical utility of pharmacogenomics of many drugs impacted by Phase I and Phase II enzymes is supported by evidence-based Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines.
In this Research Topic, we will cover new and thoroughly reviewed developments in the field of Phase I and Phase II pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics, ranging from basic research to translational studies. We welcome reviews, meta-analyses, opinions, and perspectives from all areas of the globe related to any one or more of the following themes:
(a) pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic mechanisms of newly approved medications metabolized by Phase I and Phase II enzymes
(b) genetic/genomic markers of medication response and/or adverse events in clinical and community-based settings
(c) epigenetics and gene-environment markers of medication response and/or adverse events for drugs metabolized by Phase I/II enzymes
(d) role of artificial intelligence in precision medicine for drugs metabolized by Phase I/II enzymes, especially in driving innovative combinatorial pharmacogenomics outcomes
Please note that:
- If patient data are analyzed, a comprehensive description of the patients, including sex, age, diagnostic criteria, inclusion and exclusion criteria, disease stage, therapy received, comorbidities, as well as additional clinical information and assessment of clinical response/effects, should be included.
- If genetic, proteomics, metabolomics, or other omics data are analyzed, a comprehensive description of the methods and the rationale for selecting the specific data studied should be provided.
- Studies related to natural compounds, herbal extracts, or traditional medicine products will not be included in this Research Topic.
- Studies solely based on the analysis of public databases or published evidence, with no further experimental insights or experimental validation, will not be included in this Research Topic.
Keywords: pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetics, Phase 1 enzymes, Phase II enzymes, drug metabolism, drug gene interactions
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