The field of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and its immunological implications is gaining increasing attention due to its profound impact on the health and well-being of transgender individuals. GAHT is a critical component of medical transgender care, offering significant mental health benefits by alleviating gender dysphoria and promoting the development of secondary sexual characteristics that align with an individual's gender identity. However, the effects of GAHT on immune system function and the potential alteration in disease susceptibility remain inadequately understood. Current research suggests a complex interplay between sex hormones and the immune system, with implications for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite these findings, the causal relationship between GAHT and autoimmune diseases is not yet established, highlighting a significant gap in the literature. Addressing this gap is essential for optimizing transgender healthcare and ensuring the safe administration of GAHT.

This research topic aims to elucidate the impact of GAHT on immune function and the risk of immune-mediated diseases in transgender individuals. The primary objectives include exploring differences in autoimmunity risk, understanding the effects of GAHT on immune function, and identifying potential interventions to mitigate associated risks. By investigating these areas, the research seeks to uncover both the benefits and potential risk factors of GAHT, ultimately contributing to the development of safe and effective interventions that promote immunological health in transgender people.

To gather further insights into the immunological implications of GAHT, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

- Determining the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying immune-driven diseases in transgender people undergoing GAHT

- Evaluating differences in risk of autoimmunity and susceptibility patterns among transgender people undergoing GAHT

- Exploring the impact of GAHT on immune system function

- Assessing the long-term effects of GAHT and risk of disease development

The Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.

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Frontiers in Immunology

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