The number of radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs) worldwide is gradually increasing, with the approach of theranostics continuously proving its significant impact on the field. Artificial Intelligence (AI) appears to be a game changer in facilitating all tasks of the theranostics workflow and, therefore, the personalization of RPTs. However, the acquisition of adequate knowledge, skills, and competence in the fields of biomedical sciences and technology by the interdisciplinary team actively engaged in the theranostics process (incorporating the dosiomics and biomarkers approaches) does not suffice. It is crucial to be complemented by suitable education and training in the fundamental ethical principles and key requirements for trustworthy AI theranostics systems by all stakeholders.

This Research Topic aims to highlight the emerging role of all involved specialties in this novel AI ecosystem, and to effectively address the scientific, technical, and ethical considerations associated with its use. Such an approach will be based on the fact that initial certification of AI theranostics systems, although essential, can never replace responsibility. Therefore, it is imperative that certification is complemented by accountability frameworks throughout the life cycle of AI theranostics systems. Such frameworks, which are based on both internal and external auditing procedures, should not only focus on the assurance of scientific efficacy and technical robustness, but they should also assure that the use of AI theranostics systems adhere to the four core ethical principles, rooted in fundamental rights: respect for human autonomy, prevention of harm, fairness, and explicability. Adherence to the core ethical principles should be continuously monitored by experts, carrying the responsibility of filling in trustworthy AI theranostics assessment reports. Health professionals who are responsible for the enhanced role of specific auditing should be literate in the fields of both AI and ethics.

We welcome potential authors to submit Original Research and/or Review manuscripts focused on sub-topics that include, but are not limited to:

• RPTs (from a NM physician’s perspective)
• Theranostics
• Dosimetry
• Modern NM imaging systems – anthropomorphic phantoms – QA
• AI applications in NM
• Dosiomics
• Biomarkers and their role in therapeutic outcome prediction
• Ethical principles
• Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires
• Education – Training (AI – Ethics literacy): NM Physicians
• Education – Training (AI – Ethics literacy): NM Medical Physicists
• Education – Training (AI – Ethics literacy): NM Technologists

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Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine

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