Gender is widely acknowledged as a crucial determinant in the pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic response of various malignancies. With the advancement of our understanding of tumor biology, it has become increasingly evident that gender disparities play a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics and outcomes of these diseases.

In numerous prevalent cancer types, males demonstrate inferior disease progression and prognosis compared to their female counterparts. This phenomenon can be attributed, in part, to distinctive aspects of tumor immunity. A captivating realm of scientific inquiry, particularly in the domain of genomic sequencing, has enabled the identification of specific genetic mutations and biomarkers that may serve as promising targets for therapeutic interventions. Notably, interventions designed to inhibit androgen signaling have exhibited noteworthy efficacy in augmenting the therapeutic potential of immunotherapy specifically in male patients.

The principal objective of this Research Topic is to delve into the profound impact of gender disparities in tumor treatment, encompassing prospective therapeutic targets, associated biomarkers, and the intricate tumor microenvironment. The following subtopics will be accorded priority consideration:

• The roles and mechanisms of sex disparity in cancer immunotherapy;

• Developing innovative gender-based predictive biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy;

• Evaluating the therapeutic potential of new pharmacological inhibitors or drug targets for cancer metastasis and therapy resistance based on gender disparities;

• Conducting multi-omics studies on the relationship between gender disparities or their related genes and the occurrence and development of cancer at the pan-cancer level;

• Clinical studies on the correlation between gender and immunotherapy outcomes;

• Elucidating the mechanism of gender heterogeneity in the remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment;

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Frontiers in Pharmacology

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