The family Arenaviridae is divided serologically, phylogenetically, and geographically into two major complexes: the Old World complex (OW) (Africa, Europe, and Asia) and the New World complex (NW) (Americas). The OW complex includes the prototype arenavirus LCMV as well as the human pathogen Lassa virus (LASV). The NW complex is larger and includes several highly pathogenic viruses with a limited geographic distribution that can cause severe human infection, such as Junin virus (JUNV), Machupo virus (MACV), Guanarito virus, Sabia virus, Chapare virus and viruses not known to be pathogenic in humans, such as Tacaribe virus (TCRV), among others. Recently, new species of viruses have been discovered and classified into new genera, including reptarenavirus, hartmanivirus, and antennavirus, to distinguish them from mammalian viruses reclassified as mammarenavirus.

For this special Topic, we invite authors to submit manuscripts that illustrate and stimulate ongoing efforts to understand the complexity of mammarenaviruses, including host response, pathogenesis, evasion mechanisms, acute or chronic phase of infection with a focus on sequalae in survivors, epidemiology, vaccines, and structural and replication studies. Original papers, reviews and minireviews, perspectives, and manuscripts with hypotheses and theories are welcomed. Both human and non-human virus studies are welcome. Papers describing biological and/or immunological mechanism(s) of disease development and host-pathogen interaction at the molecular level are highly encouraged.

Topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Viral evasion, non-immune defence, host recognition and recognition signalling.
• Novel regulatory pathways and therapeutic interventions.
• Vaccines.
• Structural and replication studies.
• Epidemiological and ecological studies.
• Pathology and infection sequelae.

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Frontiers in Microbiology

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