Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, membrane-bound phospholipid vesicles that are actively released by most cell types including immune and cancer cells, and that are detectable in cell culture supernatant and human biological fluids. Although previous studies have extensively explored the EVs released from tumor cells, the phenotype and biological functions of the EVs released by effector immune cells have been studied to a lesser extent. There is increasing evidence that immune cells release EVs into the extracellular space to modulate tumor immunity, which makes EVs important candidates for immunotherapy. EVs can be used as delivery agents of different biomolecules playing a an immune regulator role. In this Research Topic, we aim to compile the current knowledge on the mechanism, biological effects and potential applications of EVs, concentrating on those derived from immune cells for use in immunotherapy for cancer and other diseases.

The goal of this research topic is to promote the understanding and translation aspect of EVs for therapeutic use in immunotherapy for cancer and other diseases, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the greater application potential of EVs.

This Research Topic aims to cover novel research trends in the use of extracellular vesicles derived from effector immune cells, including engineered immune cells as novel immunotherapeutic approach to treat tumors as well as other disease. This Research Topic accepts Original Research, Methods, Review and Mini-Review, Clinical Trial, Classification, Study Protocol, Perspective, Case Report, Brief Research Report, Data Report, and Opinion articles. We welcome manuscripts focusing on, but not limited to, the following sub-topics:
• Characterization of EVs derived from immune cells
• Immunoregulatory effects of EVs in immunotherapy
• Extracellular vesicles as immunosuppressive mediators in immunotherapy
• Intracellular communication between EVs and tumor microenvironments
• Tumor derived exosomes and their role in cancer initiation, host immune suppression, drug resistance and progression.
• Optimization and standardization of EVs isolation protocols
• Evaluation of therapeutic activity of EVs from different effector cells
• Comparison of therapeutic potential of EVs from different effector immune cells
• Clinical grade isolation of EVs for use in patients

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Frontiers in Immunology

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