Hereditary predisposition is a relevant cause of cancer in children and adolescents. At least 10% of all pediatric tumors are due to germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. Although Cancer Predisposition Syndromes (CPS) were previously underestimated and less frequently recognized, more attention by clinicians and researchers has been given in recent years to improving diagnosis, surveillance, treatment, follow-up, and psychological support of affected individuals and their families. In individuals who have already been diagnosed with cancer, knowing that a specific mutation is present can help choose the most effective treatment. Even if care recommendations are currently defined for individuals with selected CPS like Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Neurofibromatosis 1 and 2, Hereditary Retinoblastoma, and Multiple endocrine neoplasia, same strategies need to be yet established for many others.

Large-scale genome sequencing analysis profoundly changes the biological and molecular understanding of CPS, however, they remain a challenging issue in pediatric hematology and oncology, and much effort is still needed to increase their knowledge. The purpose of this Research Topic is to highlight the most recent advances concerning epidemiological, clinical, biological, molecular, and therapeutic aspects of CPS in pediatric and adolescent populations and provide new insights that may be useful to further improve the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of CPS.

This Research Topic will concern all the aspects of Cancer Predisposition Syndromes in childhood and adolescence. We welcome the submission of Original Articles, Case Reports, Clinical Trials, Case Studies, Methods, Mini Reviews, Opinions, Perspectives, Reviews, Study Protocols, and Systematic Reviews concerning:
-strategies to identify germline mutations in familial and sporadic cases
-clinical management
-new diagnostic approaches
-cancer surveillance
-follow-up strategies
-tailored treatment approaches and identification of potential new therapeutic targets

Please note: manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by validation (independent cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this section and will not be accepted as part of this Research Topic.

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