Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for several high-risk hematologic malignancies. Due to this nature of cellular therapy, the role of the immune response is involved both in the eradication of the disease (e.g. Graft versus Tumor effect) and in the development of some of the major complications of the transplant procedure (e.g. rejection, Graft versus Host Disease, infections). In recent years there has been an increased interest in the field of cancer immunology and immunotherapy and this has also been reflected in the HSCT field. Numerous studies have focused on the understanding of the immune biology of HSCT in order to reduce adverse effects and enhance the anti-cancer efficacy. Moreover, new immunotherapeutic approaches such as bispecific antibodies, check-point inhibitors, and CAR T-cells have been tested in combination with allogeneic HSCT to improve its therapeutic efficacy.

The goal of this Research Topic is to create a bridge between basic research and clinical practice. Indeed, the recent increase in complexity in the field of cancer immunology and the dominance of immunotherapy in clinical oncology have paved the way for an expansion of translational research in which researchers and clinicians work together to build a modern medicine defined by the expression "from the bench to the bedside".

In the present Research Topic, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in immune biology of allogeneic HSCT and their implications in translational practice to define further perspectives. We also aim to provide an overview of the current studies evaluating the different aspects of immune biology in HSCT. This will include both studies on animal models and clinical data.

We welcome the submission of Original Research, Review/Mini review Articles and Clinical Trial, covering the following topics:

- Immune biology of HSCT (e.g. HSC niche, GvL, GvHD, immune reconstitution, gut microbiota modulation…)

- Immunotherapies in HSCT (e.g. stem cell sources, adoptive immune-therapies, CAR T and CAR NK cells, monoclonal or bispecific antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors…)

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Frontiers in Transplantation

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