This Research Topic is the second volume of the “Community Series in the Immunological Role of the Maternal Microbiome in Pregnancy”. Please see the first volume here".

The immunological aspects of pregnancy are profoundly influenced by complex interactions between maternal and embryonic tissues, particularly through signals that modulate the maternal immune system. These interactions are critical for successful implantation and fetal development. However, disruptions in the endometrial immune environment, such as those linked with abnormal inflammatory responses or reduced tolerance to fetal tissues, can result in recurrent pregnancy loss or complications like pre-eclampsia. Such conditions underscore the necessity of maintaining a healthy immune status for optimal pregnancy progression.

This Research Topic aims to deepen our understanding of how the maternal microbiome influences immune regulation during pregnancy and its consequences for fetal development and maternal health. Existing research highlights the uterus as a dynamic environment where microbial communities can alter immune responses that are crucial for implantation and placental function. Continued exploration into this interplay holds the potential to revolutionize therapeutic approaches aimed at fostering better pregnancy outcomes, including reducing the risks associated with common obstetric syndromes.

To gather further insights in this field, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

- Current knowledge of normal female genital tract microbiome
- Immunity and maternal microbiome
- The interplay between immunity, maternal uterine, vaginal, and gut microbiome and obstetric syndromes
- Novel therapeutic approaches towards restoring a normal female genital tract microbiome
- How maternal uterine, vaginal, and gut microbiome may impact preterm infant microbiome composition and the future wellbeing of newborns.

Topic Editor Dr. Eytan Barnea discovered Preimplantation Factor (PIF) and is involved in its development for use in patients. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.

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Frontiers in Immunology

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