Pneumonia and diarrhoea are two common infectious diseases in children and also the main causes of death in children. Viruses including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, human metapneumovirus, coronavirus, rotavirus, adenoviruses, astrovirus, enterovirus, norovirus, etc. are the causative agents of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children. The lack of mature immunity makes children more susceptible to these infections compared to adults, and the immune mechanism and disease progression may also change and cause different clinical outcomes during the development of the immune system of children.

Over the years, we have gained a great deal of knowledge about the molecular viral pathogenesis of these pediatric infectious diseases, and an increasing number of vaccines or therapeutic agents have been developed or reached the clinical or preclinical stage. However, for the majority of viruses that cause pneumonia and diarrhea, vaccines and specific antiviral drugs are still lacking. And the disease development of infections in children and the specific mechanism remains to be further explored. We try to bring more relevant research together and promote the understanding of viral molecular pathogenesis in pediatric infection, aiming at discovering treatment strategies for viral infectious diseases in children.

In this Research Topic, we seek to broaden the horizon and deepen the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases in children of different ages, including pneumonia and diarrhoea. We highly appreciate submissions from research investigating viruses life circle, virulence factors and host immune response in pediatric infection. Studies dealing with novel diagnostic index, prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines, therapeutic antibodies and antiviral drugs based on the in-depth study of viruses and hosts are also welcome. Submissions including Original Research, Review, and Mini Review which focus on but are not limited to the following topics are highly encouraged.
1. Molecular evolution and virulence changes of viruses in pediatric infection
2. Multiple omics studies in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children
3. Cellular host factors in viral pediatric infection
4. Adaptive and innate immune responses to viruses infection in children and the molecular mechanism
5. Discovery of novel diagnostic index and development of detection kits for viral pediatric infection
6. Development of vaccines for pneumonia and diarrhoea caused by viral infection in children, including nucleic acid vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, polypeptide vaccine, and whole virus vaccine.
7. Development of new therapeutic agents against pneumonia and diarrhoea in children.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

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