Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug (APED) Use in Recreational Sports: A Behavioural Science Perspective

  • 11k

    Total downloads

  • 67k

    Total views and downloads

Submit your idea

You will be redirected to our submission process.

Submit your manuscript summarySubmit your manuscript

About this Research Topic

Submission closed

Background

The use of performance and appearance enhancing drugs (APEDs) in recreational sports presents a growing public health challenge, and can cause irreversible health effects to the user and offset the physical and psychological benefits of exercise and sports participation. Recent studies have shown that the use of APEDs, like androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS), is evidenced in people as young as 12 years old, comes only second to psychotropic substance use in adolescence, and represents the main form of doping practice in youth recreational sports. The European Fitness Code of Conduct on Anti-Doping recognizes that doping practices in fitness and amateur sport settings can 1) threaten the health of individuals who engage in this practice; 2) be threatening to other people in the doping users’ immediate environment; 3) be harmful to the integrity and perception of the fitness sector, and 4) APEDs use is often linked with criminal networks for drug trafficking raising wider societal issues.

The psychological study of APEDs use in amateur and recreational sports can provide important information about the social, environmental and psychological correlates of this behaviour by utilizing different research methods (e.g., quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods) and designs (e.g., surveys, experiments, longitudinal studies). Accordingly, as a comprehensive theory of APEDs use is lacking, a behavioural science approach may provide the basis for theory development with respect to the risk factors that lead people of various ages to use APEDs, or the factors that protect against this behaviour. Finally, the psychological study of APEDs use may inform and establish respective preventive interventions and policies.

This Research Topic aims to bring together evidence from the behavioural sciences that will contribute to a better understanding of APEDs use in recreational sports by addressing the following questions:
• What are the psychological processes explaining APEDs use across the lifespan?
• What are the interrelationships between social/contextual influences and individual/ collective decision-making for or against APEDs use?
• Does APEDs share common psychological features with other substance use behaviours, such as self-regulation failure and high impulsivity, or is it a carefully planned goal-directed behaviour?
• Does APEDs use represent an end-goal in itself, or is it a means-to-an-end?
• Is there a "seasonality" effect in APEDs use and which age groups are more likely to engage in this behaviour?
• Is there a typology of APEDs use that can be explained by systematic differences in personality characteristics and self-regulatory processes?
• Can APEDs shape physical and mental representations of self and body image?
• How can behavioural science research on APEDs use inform preventive interventions and policies?

We welcome contributions that use a wide range of methodologies to address these questions, as well as conceptual and theoretical papers that are well founded on empirical evidence and clearly provide alternative and novel theoretical frameworks to better understand APEDs use from a behavioural science perspective. Empirical, theoretical, and positional papers that explain how the psychological study of APEDs use can inform respective anti-doping interventions and policies will be also considered.

Keywords: doping, performance enhancement, amateur sports, fitness, exercise

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Topic editors

Frequently asked questions

  • Frontiers' Research Topics are collaborative hubs built around an emerging theme.Defined, managed, and led by renowned researchers, they bring communities together around a shared area of interest to stimulate collaboration and innovation.

    Unlike section journals, which serve established specialty communities, Research Topics are pioneer hubs, responding to the evolving scientific landscape and catering to new communities.

  • The goal of Frontiers' publishing program is to empower research communities to actively steer the course of scientific publishing. Our program was implemented as a three-part unit with fixed field journals, flexible specialty sections, and dynamically emerging Research Topics, connecting communities of different sizes and maturity.

    Research Topics originate from the scientific community. Many of our Research Topics are suggested by existing editorial board members who have identified critical challenges or areas of interest in their field.

  • As an editor, Research Topics will help you build your journal, as well as your community, around emerging, cutting-edge research. As research trailblazers, Research Topics attract high-quality submissions from leading experts all over the world.

    A thriving Research Topic can potentially evolve into a new specialty section if there is sustained interest and a growing community around it.

  • Each Research Topic must be approved by the specialty chief editor, and it falls under the editorial oversight of our editorial boards, supported by our in-house research integrity team. The same standards and rigorous peer review processes apply to articles published as part of a Research Topic as for any other article we publish.

    In 2023, 80% of the Research Topics we published were edited or co-edited by our editorial board members, who are already familiar with their journal's scope, ethos, and publishing model. All other topics are guest edited by leaders in their field, each vetted and formally approved by the specialty chief editor.

  • Publishing your article within a Research Topic with other related articles increases its discoverability and visibility, which can lead to more views, downloads, and citations. Research Topics grow dynamically as more published articles are added, causing frequent revisiting, and further visibility.

    As Research Topics are multidisciplinary, they are cross-listed in several fields and section journals – increasing your reach even more and giving you the chance to expand your network and collaborate with researchers in different fields, all focusing on expanding knowledge around the same important topic.

    Our larger Research Topics are also converted into ebooks and receive social media promotion from our digital marketing team.

     

  • Frontiers offers multiple article types, but it will depend on the field and section journals in which the Research Topic will be featured. The available article types for a Research Topic will appear in the drop-down menu during the submission process.

    Check available article types here 

  • Yes, we would love to hear your ideas for a topic. Most of our Research Topics are community-led and suggested by researchers in the field. Our in-house editorial team will contact you to talk about your idea and whether you’d like to edit the topic. If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. 

    Suggest your topic here 

  • A team of guest editors (called topic editors) lead their Research Topic. This editorial team oversees the entire process, from the initial topic proposal to calls for participation, the peer review, and final publications.

    The team may also include topic coordinators, who help the topic editors send calls for participation, liaise with topic editors on abstracts, and support contributing authors. In some cases, they can also be assigned as reviewers.

  • As a topic editor (TE), you will take the lead on all editorial decisions for the Research Topic, starting with defining its scope. This allows you to curate research around a topic that interests you, bring together different perspectives from leading researchers across different fields and shape the future of your field. 

     

    You will choose your team of co-editors, curate a list of potential authors, send calls for participation and oversee the peer review process, accepting or recommending rejection for each manuscript submitted.

  • As a topic editor, you're supported at every stage by our in-house team. You will be assigned a single point of contact to help you on both editorial and technical matters. Your topic is managed through our user-friendly online platform, and the peer review process is supported by our industry-first AI review assistant (AIRA).

  • If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. This provides you with valuable editorial experience, improving your ability to critically evaluate research articles and enhancing your understanding of the quality standards and requirements for scientific publishing, as well as the opportunity to discover new research in your field, and expand your professional network.

  • Yes, certificates can be issued on request. We are happy to provide a certificate for your contribution to editing a successful Research Topic.

  • Research Topics thrive on collaboration and their multi-disciplinary approach around emerging, cutting-edge themes, attract leading researchers from all over the world.

  • As a topic editor, you can set the timeline for your Research Topic, and we will work with you at your pace. Typically, Research Topics are online and open for submissions within a few weeks and remain open for participation for 6 – 12 months. Individual articles within a Research Topic are published as soon as they are ready.

    Find out more about our Research Topics

  • Our fee support program ensures that all articles that pass peer review, including those published in Research Topics, can benefit from open access – regardless of the author's field or funding situation.

    Authors and institutions with insufficient funding can apply for a discount on their publishing fees. A fee support application form is available on our website.

  • In line with our mission to promote healthy lives on a healthy planet, we do not provide printed materials. All our articles and ebooks are available under a CC-BY license, so you can share and print copies.

     

Participating Journals

Impact

  • 67kTopic views
  • 51kArticle views
  • 11kArticle downloads
View impact