This collection is a Volume II in the series 'Environmental Exposures and Cardiometabolic Disease'.

Cardiometabolic disease, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, is the leading cause of death globally. Although environmental exposures act in concert with the genetic factors to determine the risks of these conditions, the elevated risks of cardiometabolic disease are mostly driven by modern lifestyle and environmental changes. There is growing evidence to suggest that exposure to pollution sources, such as environmental noise and air pollution, are associated with an increased risk of multiple adverse health effects. Identifying and targeting these modifiable risk factors have the greatest potential for reducing the burden of cardiometabolic disease worldwide. Therefore, more studies are needed to discover new environmental risk factors, confirm the causal relationships, and explore effective strategies to decrease the risk from the harmful exposures.

The relationships between harmful environmental exposures, such as noise pollution, and cardiometabolic disease still are not fully established. Also, the data on the burden from harmful environmental exposures, and possible mitigation strategies to decrease the risk from them is very limited. In addition, it is unclear whether the cardiometabolic risk of men and women is affected differently by these harmful exposures. This Research Topic therefore encourages potential authors to identify novel environmental risk factors, provide more evidence on the effects of harmful environmental exposures on cardiometabolic disease, and explore the underlying mechanisms between them using large longitudinal cohorts, national-representative data, or well-conducted clinical trials.

This Research Topic Volume I published four articles about harmful environmental exposures and cardiometabolic risk. In this Volume II, we continue to encourage the laboratory, epidemiological and modeling studies on the effects of environmental exposure on cardiometabolic disease. We aim to provide more evidence on the causal relationships between harmful exposures and cardiometabolic disease. Other aims are to explore the burden from environmental exposure and possible control strategies. In addition, the sex difference in the association of environmental exposures with cardiometabolic disease needs to be further studied. We welcome Original Research studies and Systematic Reviews including (but not limited) to the following subtopics:

1) The effect of environmental noise pollution on cardiometabolic disease;

2) The effect of environmental air pollution on cardiometabolic disease;

3) The burden of environmental noise and air pollution on cardiometabolic disease;

4)The control strategies to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease;

5) The effect of other harmful exposures, on cardiometabolic disease.

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