Tuberculosis (TB), induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has become one of the top killers among infectious diseases. Traditional anti-TB chemotherapy has shown low efficacy in TB control mainly due to the prevalence of virulent and multidrug-resistant Mtb, which urges us to pay more attention to exploring the precise immune responses involved in Mtb infection for the search of novel therapeutic targets.

As a polymeric single-stranded nucleic acid molecule, RNAs play essential roles in various biological roles in gene coding, decoding, regulation, and expression, which are widely involved in disease developments. Recently, different kinds of RNAs, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (CircRNA), have been found to be associated with the progress of TB. With the development of sequencing techniques, more and more functional RNAs are reported to regulate multiple immune responses during Mtb infection, which regulate or negatively regulate anti-TB immunity. Therefore, taking new insights into these important RNAs is of vital importance which will bring new targets for TB vaccine, diagnosis, and therapy.

This Research Topic focuses on the function and mechanisms of RNAs in regulating the immune responses against Mtb infection, as well as the novel techniques that use RNAs as targets for the precaution, diagnosis, and therapy of TB. The goal of this Research Topic is to gather together cutting-edge research or views on different kinds of RNAs in TB immunity, which brings not only research highlights in the immune regulation of RNAs but also introduce new insight for TB immunity. Thus, this Research Topic will also provide new targets for the development of TB vaccine, diagnosis, or therapeutic strategies. We welcome original research, perspectives, and reviews that cover, but are not limited to, the following subtopics:

• Immunological roles of RNAs in TB
• Mechanism studies of RNAs in TB immunity
• Potential RNA markers in TB patients
• RNA-based vaccines in TB precaution
• RNA-based biosensor or detection strategy development for potential TB diagnosis
• RNA-based Immuno-therapy against TB
• Novel techniques for RNA analysis in TB
• Novel techniques to enhance the immunological regulation effects of RNAs against TB

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Frontiers in Immunology

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