*This Research Topic is a continuation of "Vitamin D Deficiency and Sufficiency in Reproduction and Bone Metabolism"*

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency (serum 25-hydroxy (OH) D3 less than 20ng/dL) has become the most common nutritional deficiency reported in 58 to 91% in the general and diseased population. This corticosteroid hormone regulates the expression of a large number of genes in bone, kidney, intestine and reproductive tissues, implicating a role for vitamin D in bone health and disease and reproduction. Insufficient vitamin D status is an important risk factor of insulin resistance (IR), the development of PCOS, decreased ovarian response to assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and increased metabolic and hormonal abnormalities in subjects leading to disorders involving bone, kidney and parathyroid specifically but almost any other endocrine gland can be effected through VDR. Moreover, its supplementation has improved metabolic and endocrine disorders, especially hormonal profile, oxidative stress, and ovulation outcome in PCOS patients. The importance of 25(OH)D3 in male human reproductive physiology is proved by the presence of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) on human sperm and noticing a significant decrease in sperm motility, acrosome reaction, amount of sex hormone-binding globulin, and testosterone/estradiol ratio in 25-(OH)D3 deficient males as compared to 25-(OH)D3 sufficient males. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed throughout the central and peripheral organs of reproduction. VDR is often co-localized with its metabolizing enzymes which is suggestive of the importance of tissue-specific modulation of active vitamin D levels. VDR and CYP27B1 are expressed on the endometrium has also been linked with mineral homeostasis in skin, pancreatic beta cells, reproductive tissues, placenta, and immune cells, including parathyroid hormone (PTH) which explains a clear link between VD deficiency and reproductive physiology.

The aim of the current Research Topic is to cover and review the promising, recent, and novel research trends in the Research on bone and mineral diseases notably role of Vitamin D in health and diseases and implications of its deficiency on reproduction.

Areas to be covered in this Research Topic may include, but are not limited to:

• Crosstalk of Vitamin D, normal reproductive physiology and reproductive hormones in males in females
• Interplay of oxidative stress, vitamin D, and infertility
• Effects of Vitamin D on fertility therapeutics: short and long term outcomes
• Role of Vitamin D in normal and assisted conceptions

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Frontiers in Endocrinology

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