Molecular markers of cancer are applied to many carcinomas as molecular targeted therapy and are important factors to find appropriate drugs across organs. For this purpose, oncogenic panel testing using next-generation sequencing has been performed on cancer tissue samples, such as FFPE. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are low molecular weight RNAs consisting of 19-25 nucleotides that bind to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs and contribute to various cellular functions by inhibiting or degrading mRNA transcription and translation. It is clear that the target molecules of miRNAs are useful as molecular markers for cancer, and research to clarify the functions of miRNAs and their target molecules has an important role in the treatment of cancer.

There are many unknowns about the roles of miRNAs and their target molecules in cancer. However, clarification of the roles of miRNAs and their target molecules in cancer may lead to the discovery of more new target molecules, and even for molecules that are already used as drugs, new findings may lead to new indications for various types of cancer that have not yet been challenged. In addition, miRNAs can directly target cancer cells. In addition, there is a possibility that miRNAs may have various anti-cancer effects by directly acting on cancer cells. Starting from the biological role of miRNAs in cancer, we hope to clarify the functions and unknown effects of miRNAs in cancer, and discover molecular markers for diagnosis and target molecules for treatment of cancer.

For this Research Topic, we welcome submissions of Original Research and Reviews highlighting the role of miRNAs as molecular markers and their target molecules in cancer. Submissions should also address the following sub-themes:

- Position of miRNAs in cancer

- Effects of miRNAs on cancer cells

- The role of miRNAs in carcinogenesis derived from environmental factors

- Functions of miRNAs in relation to important molecular markers for cancer diagnosis

- Comprehensive analysis of miRNA expression in cancer cells and its usefulness

- Usefulness of cancer gene panel test and miRNA analysis in histopathological diagnosis

Please note: manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics, computational analysis, or predictions of public databases which are not accompanied by validation (independent cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) will not be accepted in any of the sections of Frontiers in Oncology.

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