Inflammation is an extremely important part of the immune process of a biological system in response to a large number of exogenous and endogenous challenges, such as injuries, irritants, toxins, bacterial and virus infections. Abnormal inflammation has been established as pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of various diseases including both infectious and non-infectious diseases. Inflammation could be classified as acute or chronic, the former of which is a causative factor of many acute diseases like sepsis and gout while the latter may cause tissue destruction, fibrosis, and cancer. It is a long-term goal to identify mechanic insights and pharmacological interventions to stimulate the resolution of inflammation.

Cytokines, including interleukins, chemokines, interferons, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors, have been widely known to be involved in the inflammatory process as immunomodulating agents. Inflammatory storms such as cytokine storms have recently gained worldwide intense attention since they are associated with severe COVID-19. Cytokines exhibit pleiotropic effects in the inflammatory process by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Selective manipulation of cytokines has been identified as the therapeutic target of numerous diseases since counter-regulating cytokines is a key mechanism of the resolution of inflammation.

Eicosanoids are a class of functionally active lipid mediators derived from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including but not limited to linoleic acid (18:2 n=6), arachidonic acid (20:4 n=6), γ-linolenic acid (18:3 n=6), α-linolenic acid (18:3 n=3), eicosatetraenoic acid (20:5 n=3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n=3) in the presence of multiple enzymes, such as cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450s. Many eicosanoids and their associated receptors have been reported to play critical roles in the inflammatory process by regulation of cytokines, and multiple signaling pathways. Selective manipulation of eicosanoid production has been demonstrated to be therapeutic targets for many inflammation-associated diseases.

Even though eicosanoids and their receptors are involved in the release of cytokines and stimulation of inflammatory process, the mechanisms underlying the resolution of inflammation by eicosanoid regulation, complexes of conjugated eicosanoids with corresponding receptors, or cytokines’ release have not been fully elucidated. This research topic will bring up the novel insights into the resolution of inflammation by selective modulation of eicosanoids’ biosynthesis, receptors of eicosanoids, and the production of cytokines, providing new therapeutic strategy into multiple inflammation-associated diseases.

This Research Topic aims to present the functional role and interaction of eicosanoids and cytokines in inflammation, including cancers and the inflammatory diseases in cardiovascular, neuro, renal, digestive, pulmonary systems. The manuscripts that evaluate the therapeutic application and clinic trials of eicosanoids, receptors of eicosanoids, and cytokines are also welcome.

We encourage the authors to submit to this Research Topic from original research to review articles about the biomarkers, mechanisms, drug interventions, and clinical trials of eicosanoids, receptors of eicosanoids, and cytokines in inflammatory diseases.

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Frontiers in Pharmacology

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