Noninvasive disease biomarker determination has become more important because of the prospect of large-scale disease screening and diagnosis in a simple, fast, painless, and real-time way. The rationale behind reliable biomarker detection is to develop effective biomaterials for molecule identification and signal conversion of trace disease marker in biological gas or fluids (exhaled breath, saliva, sweat, tear, urine, and etc.). In recent decades, great efforts have been made in the development of biomaterials through nanotechnology for biomarker detection. Novel biomaterial design and synthesis have recently allowed us to significantly enhance the physical and chemical properties, increase the stability, reduce the biotoxicity, and moreover incorporate biocompatibility into more kinds of materials.

Despite such attractive properties, new challenges to using existing biomaterials for non-invasive application have arisen. This is mainly because the disease biomarkers obtained in noninvasive ways shows very low expression concentration and its background noise is also complex, which puts forward more stringent requirements for the design of biomaterials. Therefore, there is an increasing need for the synthesis, fabrication, and surface functionalization of novel biomaterials for building sensitive devices with improved detection properties to reach the criterion for clinical use.

This Research Topic intends to collect recent advances that focus on design, synthesis, functionalization, and clinical application of novel and promising biomaterials for noninvasive biomarker determination. We welcome studies focused on emerging materials, methodologies, theoretical simulations, and their application in biosensors. Original Research articles, Reviews, and Mini-Reviews on, but not limited to, the following topics can be included:

• Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel sensing biomaterials.
• Strategies to enhance the recognition capability of biomaterials to disease marker.
• Biomaterial based sensor for noninvasive diagnostic applications.
• Advanced smart, flexible, and wearable device based on functional biomaterials.
• New applications of advanced biomaterials for noninvasive sensing.
• Theory, modeling, and mechanism of biomaterials for noninvasive detection.
• Reliability, toxicity, and modeling, and mechanism of biomaterials for noninvasive clinical applications.

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Frontiers in Materials

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