Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
Sec. Agro-Food Safety
Volume 8 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1472174
This article is part of the Research Topic Rapid Screening for Organic Pollutants Analysis in Food View all 8 articles

A covalent organic framework derived pretreatment for pesticides in vegetables and fruits

Provisionally accepted
Ai-Jun Huang Ai-Jun Huang 1Xiuxiu Dong Xiuxiu Dong 2Shu Tan Shu Tan 3Kai Chen Kai Chen 1Meiling Zhang Meiling Zhang 1Bingrong Li Bingrong Li 1Hao Deng Hao Deng 4Fan He Fan He 5Hui Ni Hui Ni 5Wang Hongwu Wang Hongwu 1*Zi-Jian Chen Zi-Jian Chen 1*
  • 1 Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 3 Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
  • 4 Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
  • 5 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Sample pretreatment is an essential procedure for pesticide analysis due to the influence of matrix effect. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF) was synthesized using 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) and benzidine (BD) to mitigate the matrix effect in vegetable and fruit samples. This COF was then employed to develop a solid phase extraction (CSPE) method. Additionally, the COF was used to create a magnetic COF (MCOF) for use in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The synthesized COF and MCOF were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical bond identification, and N2 adsorptiondesorption measurements for porosity and surface area assessment. Key pretreatment parameters such as buffers, dilution rate, sorbent dosage, extraction time, elution solvent, and reuse number were optimized. The developed CSPE and MSPE showed excellent purification ability for the matrix of vegetable and fruit samples. Reuse test demonstrated that the synthesized COF and MCOF can be reused up to 15 times. Moreover, the developed CSPE and MSPE showed acceptable recoveries in spiked recovery tests, suggesting that these pretreatment methods were feasible for sample purification in pesticide analysis.

    Keywords: pesticide, covalent organic framework, pretreatment, Solid Phase Extraction, Magnetic solid-phase extraction

    Received: 29 Jul 2024; Accepted: 14 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Huang, Dong, Tan, Chen, Zhang, Li, Deng, He, Ni, Hongwu and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Wang Hongwu, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
    Zi-Jian Chen, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.