Abdo Hassoun
Fatma Boukid
Fatih Ozogul- 1Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
- 2ClonBio Group LTD, Dublin, Ireland
- 3Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
Editorial on the Research Topic
Food sustainability and Food Industry 4.0: unveiling the relationship
Nowadays, the quest for food sustainability is becoming ever more urgent in the face of global challenges, such as climate change, population growth, outbreak of pandemics and conflicts, resource scarcity, biodiversity loss, and degradation of arable land. As the world strives to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring sustainable food systems emerges as a pivotal concern for food producers, consumers, and all other stakeholders along the food supply chain. Traditional methods used in agriculture and the food industry are increasingly strained by the aforementioned pressures, necessitating innovative solutions that can enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and promote environmental sustainability (Kazancoglu et al., 2023; Mehany et al., 2023; Hassoun, 2024). Additionally, modern food processing and intensive agricultural methods are contributing to these pressures by prioritizing high production rates, often at the expense of long-term sustainability. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in recent years in applying technologies of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) to the agricultural and food sectors. This approach, known as “Food Industry 4.0,” has significant potential to transform food production, processing, packaging, distribution, and consumption (da Silveira et al., 2021; Hassoun et al., 2024a).
Food Industry 4.0 encompasses a range of digital, physical, and biological advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT), smart sensors, robotics, and blockchain, among others, all integrated into the food supply chain to create smart, interconnected systems and enhance automation and digitalization (Liu et al., 2021; Hassoun et al., 2023a). These technologies enable real-time monitoring, precision agriculture, and smart food factories, addressing critical issues related to food security, safety, and sustainability. By leveraging these innovations, the food industry can significantly reduce its environmental footprint while enhancing productivity and ensuring a consistent supply of safe and nutritious food, ultimately enhancing food sustainability (Hassoun et al., 2022; Stefanini and Vignali, 2023). A particularly promising application of Industry 4.0 technologies directly linked to food sustainability is the reduction and valorization of food loss and waste in various food related industries, such as seafood (Hassoun et al., 2023c), the dairy sector (Hassoun et al., 2024b), and food packaging industry (Hassoun et al., 2023b). Our Research Topic draws attention to the newly developed sustainable technologies and concepts in agri-food sector, emphasizing the potential of Industry 4.0 solutions to boost food sustainability and expedite the attainment of the SDGs.
Disease outbreaks, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, have significantly disrupted global food systems. The pandemic has led to widespread lockdowns, labor shortages, and supply chain disruptions, exacerbating the already existing challenges, such as climate change and other environmental and societal stressors. The impact of COVID-19 has underscored the vulnerabilities in food supply chains and has accelerated the adoption of digital technologies within the agri-food industry to mitigate these disruptions. In their review paper, Hassoun et al. highlighted the importance of using various Industry 4.0 technologies, especially AI, big data, IoT, blockchain, smart sensors, robotics, digital twins, and virtual/augmented reality in overcoming challenges related to COVID-19, and discussed the barriers to their widespread adoption. The authors proposed four concrete recommendations to achieve an inclusive digital transformation and enhance food security and food sustainability, i.e., (i) transforming mindsets and developing digital skills, (ii) establishing adequate digital infrastructure and services, (iii) fostering interdisciplinarity and cross-border collaboration, and (iv) implementing effective data governance and cybersecurity strategies. The review concluded that while significant progress has been made, much work remains to fully leverage Industry 4.0 technological innovations in the agriculture and food industry.
Building on these insights, Ferguson et al. investigated the impact of digital agricultural technology on food security for smallholder farmers in Odisha, India, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducted collaboratively by Canadian academic researchers, 15 small-scale farmers from Odisha, and the Indian social enterprise eKutir, the study examined how eKutir's technology supports farmers in meeting their food security needs, sustaining livelihoods, and participating in local food systems before and during the pandemic. The main objective was to strengthen the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers and their food systems during crises like COVID-19, affecting economic, physical, and social life aspects. The findings revealed that access to eKutir's platform (digital finance and payments, digital farm advisory, digital marketplace, and digital API; Application Programming Interface integrations) enabled farmers to stay connected to markets, continue earning income, and support local food systems during the pandemic. The authors concluded that designing these digital technologies to meet the specific needs of resource-limited farmers can significantly enhance their ability to withstand modern challenges and risks.
Transitioning from practical applications to conceptual analysis, Piot-Lepetit explored the possibility of fostering the convergence between digitalization and sustainability, termed digitainability, in the agri-food sector. The author emphasized the significance of sustainability and digitalization as key transformative trends, underlining the role of open innovation initiatives in promoting digital sustainability (digitainability) innovations within the agri-food sector.
To further advance the discussion in the context of precision agriculture, Zhou et al. established a foundation for achieving real-time control of mechanized trench fertilization in fruit cultivation and production. The authors developed a multi-source and cost-effective data acquisition system, to collect, construct point clouds, and store data related to the trench. The results showed the calculated width and depth had error ranges of 0–5.965% and 0–4.54%, mean value errors of 0.002 and 0.003 m, standard deviation errors of 0.011 and 0.017 m, and stability coefficient errors of 0.37 and 0.47%, respectively.
The journey toward digital transformation in agriculture and the food industry is laden with significant challenges, including technological barriers, financial constraints, and resistance to change, among others. Despite these hurdles, it is imperative to accelerate this transition to enhance efficiency, productivity, and food sustainability. Embracing advanced technologies such as AI, big data, IoT, smart sensors, and blockchain can revolutionize the whole food supply chains, addressing critical issues, such as food security, resource management, and climate change. Swift navigation through this transformative path is crucial to meet the growing global demand for food while ensuring environmental and economic resilience.
Author contributions
AH: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. FB: Writing – review & editing. FO: Writing – review & editing.
Funding
The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Conflict of interest
AH was employed by Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR). FB was employed by ClonBio Group LTD.
The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
da Silveira, F., Lermen, F. H., and Amaral, F. G. (2021). An overview of agriculture 4.0 development: systematic review of descriptions, technologies, barriers, advantages, and disadvantages. Comput. Electron. Agric. 189:106405. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106405
Hassoun, A., (ed.). (2024). Food Industry 4.0: Emerging Trends and Technologies in Sustainable Food Production and Consumption, Vol. 4, 1st Edn. London: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/C2022-0-01211-3
Hassoun, A., Aït-Kaddour, A., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., Rathod, N. B., Bader, F., Barba, F. J., et al. (2023a). The fourth industrial revolution in the food industry—Part I: industry 4.0 technologies. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 63, 6547–6563. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2034735
Hassoun, A., Bekhit, A. E. D., Jambrak, A. R., Regenstein, J. M., Chemat, F., Morton, J. D., et al. (2024a). The fourth industrial revolution in the food industry—part II: Emerging food trends. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 64, 407–437. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106472
Hassoun, A., Boukid, F., Ozogul, F., Aït-kaddour, A., Miguel, J., Lorenzo, M., et al. (2023b). Creating new opportunities for sustainable food packaging through dimensions of industry 4.0: new insights into the food waste perspective. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 142:104238. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104238
Hassoun, A., Cropotova, J., Trollman, H., Jagtap, S., Garcia-Garcia, G., Parra-López, C., et al. (2023c). Use of industry 4.0 technologies to reduce and valorize seafood waste and by-products: a narrative review on current knowledge. Curr. Res. Food Sci. 6:100505. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100505
Hassoun, A., Prieto, M. A., Carpena, M., Bouzembrak, Y., Marvin, H. J. P., Pallar, N., et al. (2022). Exploring the role of green and Industry 4.0 technologies in achieving sustainable development goals in food sectors. Food Res. Int. 162:112068. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112068
Hassoun, A., Tarchi, I., and Aït-kaddour, A. (2024b). Leveraging the potential of fourth industrial revolution technologies to reduce and valorize waste and by- products in the dairy sector. Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem. 47:100927. doi: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100927
Kazancoglu, Y., Lafci, C., Kumar, A., Luthra, S., Garza-Reyes, J. A., and Berberoglu, Y. (2023). The role of agri-food 4.0 in climate-smart farming for controlling climate change-related risks: a business perspective analysis. Bus. Strateg. Environ. 33, 2788–2802. doi: 10.1002/bse.3629
Liu, Y., Ma, X., Shu, L., Hancke, G. P., and Abu-Mahfouz, A. M. (2021). From Industry 4.0 to Agriculture 4.0: current status, enabling technologies, and research challenges. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 17, 4322–4334. doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.3003910
Mehany, T., Siddiqui, S. A., Olawoye, B., Popoola, O., Hassoun, A., Manzoor, M. F., et al. (2023). Recent innovations and emerging technological advances used to improve quality and process of plant-based milk analogs. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 64, 7237–7267. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2183381
Keywords: digital shift, ecological transformation, food systems, food waste, food security, fourth industrial revolution, technological innovation, sustainability
Citation: Hassoun A, Boukid F and Ozogul F (2024) Editorial: Food sustainability and Food Industry 4.0: unveiling the relationship. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 8:1440023. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1440023
Received: 28 May 2024; Accepted: 12 July 2024;
Published: 31 July 2024.
Edited and reviewed by: Patrick Meyfroidt, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
Copyright © 2024 Hassoun, Boukid and Ozogul. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Abdo Hassoun, YS5oYXNzb3VuJiN4MDAwNDA7c2FmLWlyLmNvbQ==