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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
Sec. Water-Smart Food Production
Volume 8 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1430624
This article is part of the Research Topic Green Approaches Towards Pollutants Amputation for Water Footprint Sustainability in Food Systems View all articles

Unlocking the potential of de-oiled seeds of Citrus sinensis loaded with metal nanoparticles for Congo red degradation and removal: A green water treatment strategy with bibliometric analysis

Provisionally accepted
Misbah Tahira Misbah Tahira 1Fozia Batool Fozia Batool 1*SOBIA NOREEN SOBIA NOREEN 1Muhammad Mustaqeem Muhammad Mustaqeem 1Khurram S. Munawar Khurram S. Munawar 1,2Samia Kanwal Samia Kanwal 1Komal Shahbaz Komal Shahbaz 1Anila Arshad Anila Arshad 3Dr. HAYSSAM M. Ali Dr. HAYSSAM M. Ali 4*
  • 1 University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • 2 University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan
  • 3 Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
  • 4 King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    This research reported the utilization of novel adsorbent from the de-oiled waste material of orange seeds to prepare simple charcoal (SC) and activated charcoal nanocomposites (Fe2O3/AC). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the optimized conditions of the experiment. The results obtained indicate that the Pseudo second-order kinetic model best fitted the adsorption data (R 2 > 0.99) and the Freundlich isotherm model best explained the adsorption of dye on Fe2O3/AC. Moreover, the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in the temperature range of 293-333 °K as explained by calculated thermodynamic parameters e.g. ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°. The FTIR results publicized that carboxyl and amine functional groups are present on the surface of adsorbent which are responsible for the attachment of dye. SEM results showed that Fe2O3/AC has a porous surface and textual structure which can efficiently adsorb the dye molecules. Zeta sizer was utilized for the determination of size of composites and thermal stability was determined by TGA analysis. Findings of the comparative experiment indicated that Fe2O3/AC are more promising as compared to raw activated carbon for the adsorption of Congo red. The impregnation of iron oxide nanocomposites on adsorbent results in increased surface area-to-volume ratio, magnetic properties, and excellent reusable capacity. Overall it can be reported as an innovative procedure promoting the recycling of waste products aiding in protecting environmental and human health and economic development.

    Keywords: Citrus sinensis activated carbon1, iron oxide activated carbon nanocomposites2, green synthesis3, Congo red4, water pollution5

    Received: 10 May 2024; Accepted: 25 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Tahira, Batool, NOREEN, Mustaqeem, Munawar, Kanwal, Shahbaz, Arshad and Ali. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Fozia Batool, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
    Dr. HAYSSAM M. Ali, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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