Huaqi Zhao ^1* Songnan Zhang ¹ Xiang Peng ¹ Zhengguang Lu ^1* Guojing Li ^2*

• ¹ School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
• ² School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China

Object detection is a critical component in the development of autonomous driving technology and has demonstrated significant growth potential. To address the limitations of current techniques, this paper presents an improved object detection method for autonomous driving based on a Detection Transformer (DETR). First, we introduce a multi-scale feature and location information extraction method, which solves the inadequacy of the model for multi-scale object localization and detection. In addition, we developed a Transformer encoder based on the group axial attention mechanism. This allows for efficient attention range control in the horizontal and vertical directions while reducing computation, ultimately enhancing the inference speed. Furthermore, we propose a novel dynamic hyperparameter tuning training method based on Pareto efficiency, which coordinates the training state of the loss functions through dynamic weights, overcoming issues associated with manually setting fixed weights and enhancing model convergence speed and accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses others, with improvements of 3.3%, 4.5% and 3% in Average Precision on the COCO, PASCAL VOC and KITTI datasets, respectively, and an 84% increase in FPS.