The Unusual Presentation of Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid hormone receptor is ubiquitously expressed in the human body. Thus, either hypo- and hyperthyroidism manifest clinically through multifaceted signs and symptoms involving several tissues. The “scholar” description of thyroid dysfunction syndrome refers to heart, brain, skin and eyes as the main targeted sites. Nonetheless, clinical endocrinologists experience something else every day, with particular regard to forms of thyroid dysfunction improperly defined “subclinical”. Indeed, patients affected by hypo- or hyperthyroidism often present with signs and complain of symptoms which are not peculiar to “classical” thyroid dysfunction syndrome and affect, for example, postural equilibrium, mood, handwriting, etc. Moreover, atypical presentation of thyroid disorders may include anatomical or morphological anomalies of the gland, uncommon cytological and histological aspects, or new gene mutations underlying neoplasm.

The scope of the present Research Topic is to provide new insights in the field of clinical -pathological manifestations of thyroid disorders. In particular, we aim to address the relationships between thyroid dysfunction and involvement of apparatuses and organs that have not been fully investigated yet. Furthermore, we intend to better understand whether some clinical signs and symptoms - e.g., vertigo, handwriting changes, etc. - may be clues for an underlying thyroid dysfunction, eventually in the context of polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes. Finally, we are determined to search for rare – or underestimated - pathological, genetic or epigenetic features of thyroid disorders.