Advancements in head and neck tumor treatment strategy driven by the perspective of precision oncology

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About this Research Topic

Submission deadlines

  1. Manuscript Summary Submission Deadline 26 March 2025 | Manuscript Submission Deadline 14 July 2025

  2. This Research Topic is still accepting articles.

Background

Precision oncology is a cancer treatment approach that considers individual genetics, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors to tailor the most suitable interventions. By integrating biological evidence such as environmental exposures, genetic imprints, molecular characteristics, malignant phenotypes, and drug responses into clinical decision-making, it guides the personalized prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of malignancies. Precision oncology benefits from advancements in technology. High-throughput multi-omics sequencing can detail genetic mutations, gene rearrangements, copy number variations, and epigenetic changes to identify tumor-driving genes and related signals, and to pinpoint targetable genomic or epigenetic alterations. Next-generation molecular diagnostics can enable early diagnosis and classification of tumor types based on genetic mutations, protein expression, and metabolites. High-throughput drug/therapy screening supported by innovative models allows for personalized matching of optimal treatment plans for diverse patients. The combination of high-dimensional datasets, deep learning architectures, and high-performance computing equipment enables medical teams to simulate tumor diagnosis, malignant behavior, target detection, prognosis, and outcome prediction at a minimal cost. These examples highlight the core principle of precision oncology: maximizing treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects and the likelihood of treatment failure through precise diagnosis and therapy.

The principles of precision oncology have driven significant changes in the treatment protocols for head and neck tumors. Examples include targeted therapies and vaccinations for EGFR mutations or HPV infections, short-term high-throughput drug screening based on patient-derived organoids or PTCs for squamous cell carcinoma, applications of cetuximab, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and brachytherapy, as well as the use of robotic navigation for skull base surgery and the application of artificial intelligence and radiomics. These innovations signify the individualization and precision of oral cancer treatment. However, several challenges hinder the advancement of precision oncology in head and neck cancers, including the lack of large-scale multicenter genomic studies, variable effectiveness of immunotherapies and targeted therapies, rigid and procedural treatment plans, and insufficient multidisciplinary team building and collaboration dominated by oral and maxillofacial surgery. These obstacles remain undeniable facts that impede progress.

To gather further insights in this critical area of cancer treatment, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:
-The application of multi-omics technologies in identifying novel therapeutic targets.
-Development and validation of next-generation diagnostic tools.
-Clinical outcomes of personalized treatment plans in head and neck cancer.
-Impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning in improving diagnosis and treatment precision.
-Integration challenges of new technologies in conventional treatment settings.

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Keywords: head and neck tumor, Multi-Omics Sequencing, Precision Oncology, Next-Generation Diagnostics

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