Research Advances and Challenges in Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Diseases

Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases pose ongoing challenges for global health, highlighting the importance of understanding virus-host interactions in countering these threats. Most emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses originating from domestic animals, poultry, livestock, and increasingly from wildlife species. Vaccines represent the most effective way of controlling infections. However, they may not be available at the first stage of emergence and/or re-emergence of viral diseases. Therefore, it is of extreme importance to carry out surveillance and monitor viral evolution, understand virus-host interactions, study the factors facilitating the emergence and spread, in addition to developing therapeutics and vaccines.

The unpredictable emergence of viruses, their potential to cause severe diseases in humans and animals, and the frequent absence of effective vaccines and antiviral treatments make them a major threat to human health. This Research Topic focuses on research advances and challenges in emerging and re-emerging viral diseases, bringing together all aspects regarding the understanding of this complex and multifactorial process.

We welcome original research articles and reviews that fall within the following scope:

- Pandemic preparedness

- Understanding virus-host interactions

- Future strategies for preventing and controlling emerging and re-
emerging viral diseases

- Therapeutics and vaccines

- Improvements in existing diagnostics, or new diagnostics

- Development of new or improved assays for evaluation of vaccine
immunogenicity

- Population immunity