Community Series in SARS-CoV-2 Variants, B Lymphocytes, and Autoreactivity: Volume II

  • 397

    Total Views and Downloads

About this Research Topic

Submission deadlines

  1. Manuscript Submission Deadline 31 December 2024

  2. This Research Topic is still accepting articles.

Background

This Research Topic is the second volume of the “SARS-CoV-2 Variants, B Lymphocytes, and Autoreactivity” Community Series. Please see Volume I here

Immune profiling of COVID-19 patients revealed that infection with SARS-CoV2 is associated with a variety of changes in circulating B cell populations, including naïve B cells, transitional B cells, plasmablasts, plasma cells, class-switched and unswitched memory B cells, T-bet+ B cells, CD27-IgD- double-negative B cells, and “innate-like” B cells. Molecular characterization of the antibodies produced against SARS-CoV-2 indicated a variety of characteristics, including elongated CDR3 sequences with hydrophobic amino acids, a low mutation rate in their heavy-chain variable region genes, or an accumulation of somatic mutations in SARS-CoV-2- specific memory B cells over time, typical of antigen-driven B cell responses.

In the microanatomical environments of COVID-19 patients, deficits in germinal center formation have been reported in the spleen and thoracic lymph nodes analyzed post-mortem, suggesting the generation of plasma cells through a thymus-independent B cell activation process that leads to a low level of somatic mutations. There is, however, evidence for the accumulation of somatic mutations in SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells, a hallmark of germinal center-dependent B cell responses that contrasts with the involvement of an early extrafollicular immune response driven by SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, clinical observations indicate that COVID-19 is associated with auto-inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Kawasaki disease, and anti-phospholipid syndrome. Additionally, a proportion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bind to epitopes expressed in brain-, lung-, heart-, kidney-, or gut-tissue. Intriguingly, a subset of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia have autoantibodies against interferon and related cytokines. The mechanisms responsible for tissue damage are not completely understood, but it remains possible that self-reactive antibodies could contribute to certain clinical symptoms during COVID-19.

Recent studies confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 continues to give rise to genetic changes and field variants with increased potential to evade the activity of memory B cells and enhance viral transmission and/or pathogenicity. Several reports suggest the existence of a potential risk of re-infection in subjects who have developed a mild form of COVID-19. Consequently, vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is likely to have a temporary lasting protective effect, implying a need for periodic vaccinations against new emerging variants. Therefore, a better understanding of the consequences of the impact of these escape variations on the B cell compartment could allow the development of new vaccine formulations that incorporate the mutations identified.

In a series of Original Research, General Commentary, Review, and Mini Review articles, this Research Topic aims to provide an overview and stimulate discussions of the impact of these escape variations on the B cell compartment with regard to the emergence of autoreactivity and development of new vaccine formulations. We hope for a robust and critical assessment of adaptable immune tolerance mechanisms in individuals with various predisposing conditions and of different gender and age. Specific themes to be addressed include, but are not limited to:

- Dissection of the B cell repertoire expressed at different stages of infection

- Adaptive value of somatic and junctional mechanisms in B cell repertoire formation

- Distribution of the repertoire of tissue-resident B cell clones, i.e. the lung, during disease progression

- Mechanisms governing the germinal center-dependent anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response and the extrafollicular pathway

- Mathways that may impede affinity-maturation and formation of memory B cells during COVID-19

- Studies of the origin, magnitude, and stability of humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants

- Determination of the long-term duration of potentially protective memory B cells in patients infected with the virus and in vaccinees

- Comprehensive picture of anti-SARS-CoV-2 B cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 variants

- Role of cross-reactive B cells in shaping the SARS-CoV-2 memory response in recovered individuals

- Impact of ventilatory parameters, such as respiratory rate, SpO2, and PaO2/FiO2, on changes of memory B cells and disease severity scores

- Site of emergence of autoreactive B cells and their pathogenic role in COVID-19

- Fate of autoreactive B cell responses after resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection

- Potential pathogenic role of autoreactive B cells in COVID-19

- Possible protective role of autoreactive antibodies in COVID-19

- Contribution of B cell tolerance mechanisms to the course and severity of COVID-19

Article types and fees

This Research Topic accepts the following article types, unless otherwise specified in the Research Topic description:

  • Brief Research Report
  • Case Report
  • Classification
  • Clinical Trial
  • Editorial
  • General Commentary
  • Hypothesis and Theory
  • Methods
  • Mini Review

Articles that are accepted for publication by our external editors following rigorous peer review incur a publishing fee charged to Authors, institutions, or funders.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 Variants, B Lymphocytes, Autoreactivity, COVID-19

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

Frequently asked questions

  • Frontiers' Research Topics are collaborative hubs built around an emerging theme.Defined, managed, and led by renowned researchers, they bring communities together around a shared area of interest to stimulate collaboration and innovation.

    Unlike section journals, which serve established specialty communities, Research Topics are pioneer hubs, responding to the evolving scientific landscape and catering to new communities.

  • The goal of Frontiers' publishing program is to empower research communities to actively steer the course of scientific publishing. Our program was implemented as a three-part unit with fixed field journals, flexible specialty sections, and dynamically emerging Research Topics, connecting communities of different sizes and maturity.

    Research Topics originate from the scientific community. Many of our Research Topics are suggested by existing editorial board members who have identified critical challenges or areas of interest in their field.

  • As an editor, Research Topics will help you build your journal, as well as your community, around emerging, cutting-edge research. As research trailblazers, Research Topics attract high-quality submissions from leading experts all over the world.

    A thriving Research Topic can potentially evolve into a new specialty section if there is sustained interest and a growing community around it.

  • Each Research Topic must be approved by the specialty chief editor, and they fall under the editorial oversight of our editorial boards, supported by our in-house research integrity team. The same standards and rigorous peer review processes apply to articles published as part of a Research Topic as for any other article we publish.

      In 2023, 80% of the Research Topics we published were edited or co-edited by our editorial board members, who are already familiar with their journal's scope, ethos, and publishing model. All other topics are guest edited by leaders in their field, each vetted and formally approved by the specialty chief editor.

  • Publishing your article within a Research Topic with other related articles increases its discoverability and visibility, which can lead to more views, downloads, and citations. Research Topics grow dynamically as more published articles are added, causing frequent revisiting, and further visibility.

    As Research Topics are multidisciplinary, they are cross-listed in several fields and section journals – increasing your reach even more and giving you the chance to expand your network and collaborate with researchers in different fields, all focusing on expanding knowledge around the same important topic.

    Our larger Research Topics are also converted into ebooks and receive social media promotion from our digital marketing team.

  • Frontiers offers multiple article types, but it will depend on the field and section journals in which the Research Topic will be featured. The available article types for a Research Topic will appear in the drop-down menu during the submission process.

    Check available article types here 

  • Yes, we would love to hear your ideas for a topic. Most of our Research Topics are community-led and suggested by researchers in the field. Our in-house editorial team will contact you to talk about your idea and whether you’d like to edit the topic. If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. 

    Suggest your topic here 

  • A team of guest editors (called topic editors) lead their Research Topic. This editorial team oversees the entire process, from the initial topic proposal to calls for participation, the peer review, and final publications.

    The team may also include topic coordinators, who help the topic editors send calls for participation, liaise with topic editors on abstracts, and support contributing authors. In some cases, they can also be assigned as reviewers.

  • As a topic editor (TE), you will take the lead on all editorial decisions for the Research Topic, starting with defining its scope. This allows you to curate research around a topic that interests you, bring together different perspectives from leading researchers across different fields and shape the future of your field. 

    You will choose your team of co-editors, curate a list of potential authors, send calls for participation and oversee the peer review process, accepting or recommending rejection for each manuscript submitted.

  • As a topic editor, you're supported at every stage by our in-house team. You will be assigned a single point of contact to help you on both editorial and technical matters. Your topic is managed through our user-friendly online platform, and the peer review process is supported by our industry-first AI review assistant (AIRA).

  • If you’re an early-stage researcher, we will offer you the opportunity to coordinate your topic, with the support of a senior researcher as the topic editor. This provides you with valuable editorial experience, improving your ability to critically evaluate research articles and enhancing your understanding of the quality standards and requirements for scientific publishing, as well as the opportunity to discover new research in your field, and expand your professional network.

  • Yes, certificates can be issued on request. We are happy to provide a certificate for your contribution to editing a successful Research Topic.

  • Research Topics thrive on collaboration and their multi-disciplinary approach around emerging, cutting-edge themes, attract leading researchers from all over the world.

  • As a topic editor, you can set the timeline for your Research Topic, and we will work with you at your pace. Typically, Research Topics are online and open for submissions within a few weeks and remain open for participation for 6 – 12 months. Individual articles within a Research Topic are published as soon as they are ready.

    Find out more about our Research Topics

  • Our fee support program ensures that all articles that pass peer review, including those published in Research Topics, can benefit from open access – regardless of the author's field or funding situation.

    Authors and institutions with insufficient funding can apply for a discount on their publishing fees. A fee support application form is available on our website.

  • In line with our mission to promote healthy lives on a healthy planet, we do not provide printed materials. All our articles and ebooks are available under a CC-BY license, so you can share and print copies.

Manuscripts can be submitted to this Research Topic via the main journal or any other participating journal.

Impact

  • 397Topic views
View impact