Pediatric Respiratory Critical Illness: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Background

Severe respiratory diseases in children, such as severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pose a significant threat to pediatric health. Despite the advancements made by the medical community in these domains over the past few decades, numerous unknown factors and challenges persist. In order to identify improved etiological insights, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic strategies, we call upon the global medical community to strengthen collaborative efforts, collectively propelling the further exploration of this field.

Our aim is to conduct in-depth research on severe respiratory diseases in children, investigating their etiology, enhancing diagnostic methodologies, and refining treatment approaches, with the goal of elevating the standard of pediatric health and alleviating the burden on both families and society.

We welcome original research, Review and Mini-review submissions of the following subtopics:

1. Discovery and Epidemiological Research of Novel Respiratory Pathogens in Severe Pediatric Respiratory Diseases: This encompasses infectious pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, etc.), trauma, burns, as well as the underlying mechanisms of disease occurrence under different circumstances.

2. In-depth investigation into the inflammatory responses, lung epithelial cell damage, immune abnormalities, etc., in critically ill pediatric respiratory patients, aiming to identify potential therapeutic targets. A comprehensive understanding of the role of the immune system in disease progression aids in the development of novel immune-based treatment strategies to enhance patient outcomes.

3. Study of Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in Pediatric Severe Respiratory Diseases: This includes identifying early predictive indicators, devising personalized treatment strategies, diagnosing and treating various complications and comorbidities, and stratified management of pediatric patients across different age groups and etiologies.

4. Utilizing techniques such as genomics and transcriptomics to study the genetic traits of critically ill pediatric respiratory patients, thereby tailoring optimal treatment plans based on individual profiles.

5. Respiratory Support and Lung Protection Strategies: Optimization of ventilator parameters to reduce ventilator-associated lung injury and improve outcomes. Exploration of optimal ventilation modes, PEEP settings, and methods to reduce ventilator-related complications.

6. Research into the Etiology and Treatment of Pediatric Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Other Pulmonary Developmental Abnormalities: Exploration of novel interventions to enhance survival rates and quality of life in children with abnormal lung development disorders.

7. Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of ECMO in the Treatment of Pediatric Severe Respiratory Diseases: Identification of indications and optimization of ECMO support strategies to enhance survival rates and recovery quality in children with severe respiratory failure.

8. Exploration of Immunotherapy Applications in Pediatric Severe Respiratory Diseases: This includes cytokine interception therapy, novel anti-inflammatory medications, and ex vivo cultured stem cell treatments.

9. Focus on Long-term Recovery and Quality of Life in Critically Ill Pediatric Respiratory Patients: Investigation into the effects of ICU diagnostic and therapeutic measures on children's growth, development, and psychological well-being, as well as the identification of potential interventions.

10. We welcome larger-scale, multicenter clinical trials and prospective studies to continuously advance the treatment standards for critically ill pediatric respiratory conditions.

Keywords: Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pneumonia, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Respiratory Failure, Pediatric Critical Care

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

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