Dietary and Nutrigenetic Contributors to Metabolic Syndrome

The food we consume and nutrigenetic factors influence the development of metabolic syndrome. A typical western diet rich in sugars and saturated fats can lead to insulin resistance, a key component of metabolic disease (diabetes). The first step to making insulin in the pancreatic beta cells involves the correct folding on the precursor protein proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) followed by ER-to-Golgi transport and processing to generate insulin, and finally packaging of insulin into secretory granules. These granules eventually merge with the plasma membrane, allowing insulin to be released into the bloodstream in response to glucose stimulus. The secreted insulin binds to its receptors in target cells and facilitates glucose uptake. The type of diet consumed and physical activity will dictate insulin sensitivity in mammals. A healthy diet, rich in fibers and low in processed foods, combined with regular exercise, can help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of diabetes. In recent years, numerous studies have examined the impact of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on lifespan; aging as well as diet-induced diabetes. The positive effects of intermittent fasting on glucose homeostasis, pancreatic insulin levels and insulin secretion have been shown through these studies, overall indicating its potential as a tool for managing diet-induced diabetes even in the face of a western diet. Nutrigenetics, the study of how genetic variations affect nutrient metabolism, can also play a role in metabolic syndrome onset and progression. Genetic variations can impact how an individual responds to specific nutrients and can affect their risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Therefore, unraveling the complex interplay between diet and genetics can be important in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Certain dietary factors can modify gene expression, leading to changes in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. For example, a high-fat diet can activate genes involved in lipid metabolism, leading to an increase in insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, genetic factors can influence an individual's response to certain dietary interventions, with some studies suggesting that personalized diets based on genetic profiles may be more effective in managing diabetes. Through our research topic, we would like to showcase research that emphasizes the significance of nutrigenetics and diet control in the management of diabetes and its associated complications, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.

This research topic aims to investigate how changes in diet composition and feeding regime affect the upregulation/downregulation of genes, and their impact on metabolic syndrome and other biological functions, as well as disease pathophysiology. We welcome submissions of original research, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives, hypotheses and theories, and opinion articles related to the following themes:

• The role of dietary components such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the development of metabolic disease

• The impact of genetic factors on the development of metabolic syndrome

• The role of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and the potential benefits of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients

• The relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome risk

• The impact of intermittent fasting on insulin resistance and beta-cell function in diabetes

• Lifestyle Interventions for Metabolic Syndrome Prevention and Treatment

• Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition for Metabolic Health

• Novel Therapeutic Targets for Metabolic disease Treatment

• Epigenetic modifications in metabolic syndrome: the role of dietary factors