Emerging Advancements in the Carbonic Anhydrase Field

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3-). These enzymes, often containing a Zinc ion within their active site, can also incorporate other metal ions such as cadmium, iron, and cobalt. CAs are classified into eight genetically distinct families or classes: α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ-, η-, ɵ-, and ι-CAs, each differing in molecular features, oligomeric arrangement, cellular localization, organ and tissue distribution, expression levels, and kinetic properties. They play crucial roles in various biological processes, including pH control, respiration, photosynthesis, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and ureagenesis. In humans, the absence, overexpression, or malfunctioning of CAs can lead to significant diseases, making them critical targets for therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have explored the biotechnological applications of CAs, revealing their potential in diverse fields. Despite these advancements, there remain gaps in understanding their full biochemical, structural, and functional roles, necessitating further investigation.

This research topic aims to delve into the latest advancements in the Carbonic Anhydrase field, focusing on expanding the knowledge of their biochemical, structural, and functional roles. The primary objectives include exploring new molecules for drug development, understanding the regulation of CA expression, and investigating their roles in human diseases and biotechnological applications. Specific questions to be addressed include the efficacy of newly developed inhibitors and activators, the physiological consequences of CA regulation, and the potential biotechnological applications of these enzymes.

To gather further insights into the diverse roles and applications of Carbonic Anhydrases, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

- Advances in newly developed inhibitors and activators of CAs
- Employment of human CAs (hCAs) as pharmacological and diagnostic targets
- Application of CAs in biotechnology
- Regulation of hCAs expression and their physiological consequences
- Roles of CAs in human diseases
- CAs in plants, bacteria, corals, and other organisms

Researchers are encouraged to submit original research and review articles that contribute to a deeper understanding of these themes, offering new perspectives and innovative applications for these fundamental enzymes.